A new, long-term root zone soil moisture dataset for operational agricultural drought monitoring over Africa
2026
Maidment, Ross I., Quaife, Tristan, Pinnington, Ewan, Black, Emily, Ejigu, Amsalework, Kumar, Dhirendra, Thomas, Simon
Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, Evapotranspiration , Wind Speed , Rain, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Cover , Snow Depth , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Surface Temperature , Humidity , Surface Winds , Precipitation Rate , Ground Water
Comparing novel backward hydrological models for watershed-scale precipitation estimation: an evaluation of inverted PDM and Kirchner-hybrid structures
2026
Dastjerdi, Pouria Asgari, Nasseri, Mohsen
Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature , Humidity , Evapotranspiration , Surface Winds , Rain, Precipitation Rate , Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Ground Water
Assessment of reanalysis soil temperature products over the pan-Arctic
2026
Li, Yanjie, Wang, Lingxiao, Zhao, Lin, Hu, Guojie, Wu, Yifan, Li, Yan, Li, Xiangfei, Wang, Meng, Zhao, Jianting, Li, Zhibin
Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI) , Vegetation Index , Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Hydrological Analysis of the Middle and Lower Paraguay Basin Based on Water Balance and Storage Using Imerg, GLDAS, and Grace Products (2003-2023)
2026
Villalba, Rossana, Ferral, Anabella, BaezGiven, Julian, Kurita, Jorge, Bonansea, Matias, Bertoni, Juan Carlos
Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature , Humidity , Evapotranspiration , Surface Winds , Rain, Precipitation Rate , Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Ground Water , Precipitation , Precipitation Amount
GRACE/GRACE-FO Misyonu Toplam Su Kutlesi Degisimi ile Kuraklk Arasndaki Iliskinin Incelenmesi: Seyhan Havzas, Adana Ili Ornegi
2026
Besel Hatipoglu, Cansu
Terrestrial Water Storage, Ground Water , Glacier Mass Balance/Ice Sheet Mass Balance
Global subsidence of river deltas
2026
Ohenhen, L. O., Shirzaei, M., Davis, J. L., Tiwari, A., Nicholls, R., Dasho, O., Sadhasivam, N., Seeger, K., Werth, S., Chadwick, A. J., Onyike, F., Lucy, J., Atkins, C., Daramola, S., Ankamah, A., Minderhoud, P. S. J., Oelsmann, J., Yemele, G. C.
Terrestrial Water Storage, Ground Water , Glacier Mass Balance/Ice Sheet Mass Balance
Model sensitivity across scales: a case study of simulating an offshore low-level jet
2026
Hawbecker, Patrick, Lassman, William, Juliano, Timothy W., Kosovic, Branko, Haupt, Sue Ellen
Sea Surface Temperature , Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature , Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds , Surface Winds , U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Sea Surface Topography , Vertical Profiles, Ozone Profiles, Sea Surface Temperature , Sea Surface Temperature , Sea Surface Temperature , Sea Surface Temperature , Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI) , Heat Flux, Heat Flux, Heat Flux, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Water Vapor Tendency, Water Vapor Flux, Cloud Dynamics, Cloud Microphysics, Ice Fraction, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Skin Temperature
GHRSST Level 4 OSPO Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (GDS version 2) MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_slv_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Single-Level Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXSLV) at GES DISC MERRA-2 const_2d_asm_Nx: 2d, constants 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2C0NXASM) at GES DISC MERRA-2 inst6_3d_ana_Np: 3d,6-Hourly,Instantaneous,Pressure-Level,Analysis,Analyzed Meteorological Fields 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2I6NPANA) at GES DISC GHRSST Level 4 MUR Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (v4.1) GHRSST NOAA/STAR GOES-16 ABI L3C America Region SST v2.70 dataset in GDS2 GHRSST Level 4 K10_SST Global 10 km Analyzed Sea Surface Temperature from Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO) in GDS2.0 MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_lnd_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Land Surface Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXLND) at GES DISC MERRA-2 inst6_3d_ana_Nv: 3d,6-Hourly,Instantaneous,Model-Level,Analysis,Analyzed Meteorological Fields 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2I6NVANA) at GES DISC MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_ocn_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Ocean Surface Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXOCN) at GES DISC GHRSST Level 4 CMC0.1deg Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (GDS version 2)
Reproducing GRACE total water storage change at finer spatial scales
2026
Li, Fupeng, Kusche, Jurgen
Terrestrial Water Storage, Ground Water , Glacier Mass Balance/Ice Sheet Mass Balance
Spatiotemporal dynamics and drivers of water and carbon use efficiency in the Yellow River basin with harmonized MODIS and GLASS data
2026
Zhou, Shilun, Lyu, Ruiting, Wang, Feiyang, Guan, Xiaodan, Nie, Ning
Photosynthesis, Primary Production, VEGETATION PRODUCTIVITY, Aerosol Optical Depth/Thickness , Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
MODIS/Terra Gross Primary Productivity Gap-Filled 8-Day L4 Global 500m SIN Grid V061 MODIS/Terra Gross Primary Productivity Gap-Filled 8-Day L4 Global 500m SIN Grid V006 MERRA-2 inst3_2d_gas_Nx: 2d,3-Hourly,Instantaneous,Single-Level,Assimilation,Aerosol Optical Depth Analysis 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2I3NXGAS) at GES DISC MERRA-2 tavgM_2d_lnd_Nx: 2d,Monthly mean,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Land Surface Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2TMNXLND) at GES DISC
Tree size-dependent effects of tree diversity on aboveground biomass during development in subtropical coniferous forests
2026
Zhu, Yu, Wang, Chen, Wang, Jiajia, Li, Quanlin, Zhu, Liangjun, Zhao, Meifang, Gao, Fei, Wang, Zhao, Liu, Shuguang
Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature , Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds , Surface Winds , U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Atmospheric Radiation, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties , Albedo , Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Heat Flux, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate , Snow/Ice , Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds , Wind Speed , Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_slv_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Single-Level Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXSLV) at GES DISC MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_rad_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Radiation Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXRAD) at GES DISC MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_flx_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Surface Flux Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXFLX) at GES DISC MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_lnd_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Land Surface Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXLND) at GES DISC
Advancing polar prediction: Enhancing short-range forecasting accuracy with Polar WRF at Bharati and Maitri stations in Antarctica
2025
Kumar, Anikender, Kumar, Vivek, Das, Anand Kumar, Rawat, Shivani, Jena, Chinmay Kumar, Bist, Sanjay, Soni, Vijay Kumar, Pai, D S
Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
A New Classification of In Situ and Anvil Cirrus Clouds Uncovers Their
2025
Mu, Qingyu, Ge, Jinming, Huang, Jianping, Hu, Xiaoyu, Peng, Nan, Li, Yize, Wang, Meihua, Zhang, Jie, Xu, Ziyang, Zhang, Chi, Liu, Bochun
Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
A Tool to Assess the Accuracy of Glacial Isostatic Adjustment
2025
Alvarez Rodriguez, Guadalupe, Tregoning, Paul, McGirr, Rebecca
Gravity, Terrestrial Water Storage, Ground Water , Glacier Mass Balance/Ice Sheet Mass Balance
A Three-Stage Optimal Energy Management Strategy for Co-Phase Power Supply Systems with Integration of Renewable Energy
2025
Gao, Shengfu, Li, Qunzhan, Ding, Juxia, Liu, Wei, Xu, Qian, Li, Songyuan
Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature , Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds , Surface Winds , U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Atmospheric Radiation, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties , Albedo , Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_slv_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Single-Level Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXSLV) at GES DISC MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_rad_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Radiation Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXRAD) at GES DISC MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_lnd_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Land Surface Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXLND) at GES DISC
A Simple Approach to Represent Irrigation Water Withdrawals in Earth
2025
Decharme, Bertrand, Costantini, Maya, Colin, Jeanne
Terrestrial Water Storage, Ground Water , Glacier Mass Balance/Ice Sheet Mass Balance
A Multi-Scale Comprehensive Evaluation for Nine Evapotranspiration Products Across Mainland China Under Extreme Climatic Conditions
2025
Qian, Long, Wu, Lifeng, Dong, Ning, Dai, Tianjin, Yu, Xingjiao, Bai, Xuqian, Yang, Qiliang, Liu, Xiaogang, Chen, Junying, Zhang, Zhitao
Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, Evapotranspiration , Wind Speed , Rain, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Cover , Snow Depth , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Surface Temperature , Humidity , Surface Winds , Precipitation Rate , Ground Water , Latent Heat Flux
An ensemble machine learning approach for predicting groundwater storage for sustainable management of water resources
2025
Uddin, Mohammed Sakib, Mitra, Bijoy, Mahmud, Khaled, Rahman, Syed Masiur, Chowdhury, Shakhawat, Rahman, Muhammad Muhitur
Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature , Humidity , Evapotranspiration , Surface Winds , Rain, Precipitation Rate , Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Ground Water
Contribution of Moisture Recycling to Water Availability in China
2025
An, Qiang, Liu, Liu, Wang, Lixin, Yang, Kun, Cheng, Yongming, Liu, Jing, Huang, Guanhua
Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Decadal Trends and Periodicity of Terrestrial Water Storage in Nigeria-GRACE Satellite Observations
2025
Adetokunbo, Peter, Eluyemi, Ayodeji Adekunle, Aguda, Segun, Jegede, Eniolayimika, Omoseyin, Tunji, Sanuade, Oluseun Adetola, Adesina, Rasheed Babatunde
Terrestrial Water Storage, Ground Water , Glacier Mass Balance/Ice Sheet Mass Balance
Anticipating climate change-related mobility in Karachi and Ho Chi Minh City: lessons from a hybrid foresight approach
2025
Martin, Aaron, Kistemaker, Boukje, Allen, Beth, Jones, Bryan
Digital Elevation/Terrain Model (DEM) , Climate Adaptation , Surface Water, Snow/Ice , Ground Water , Food Security
Applicability of a Sine-Random Forest Hybrid Method for meteorological
2025
Zhang, Siyao, Li, Jianzhu, Zhang, Ting, Tian, Jiyang, Feng, Ping
Heat Flux, Air Temperature, Skin Temperature, Specific Humidity, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate , Snow/Ice , Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds , Wind Speed , U/V Wind Components, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI) , Surface Pressure, Surface Temperature , Humidity , Evapotranspiration , Surface Winds , Rain, Snow, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Land Use/Land Cover Classification
MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_flx_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Surface Flux Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXFLX) at GES DISC MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_lnd_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Land Surface Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXLND) at GES DISC GLDAS Noah Land Surface Model L4 3 hourly 0.25 x 0.25 degree V2.1 (GLDAS_NOAH025_3H) at GES DISC MODIS/Terra+Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V061 MODIS/Terra+Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V006 GLDAS Noah Land Surface Model L4 3 hourly 0.25 x 0.25 degree V2.0 (GLDAS_NOAH025_3H) at GES DISC
Amazonia wetland methane emission decrease in 2023: Seasonal forecasting of Global wetlands highlights monitoring targets in critical ecosystems
2025
Quinn, Colin A., Colligan, Thomas, Ward, Eric J., East, James D., Lim, Yuna, Lee, Eunjee, Koster, Randal D., Poulter, Benjamin
METHANE FLUX, Terrestrial Water Storage, Ground Water , Glacier Mass Balance/Ice Sheet Mass Balance
Beyond the Mean: Cold and Warm Tail Temperature Trends Reveal Asymmetric
2025
Peng, Xiao, Liu, Ziwei, Ziegler, Alan D., Zhang, Chao, Liu, Zhanwei, He, Xiaogang
Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Benchmarking of snow water equivalent (SWE) products based on outcomes of the SnowPEx Intercomparison Project
2025
Mudryk, Lawrence, Mortimer, Colleen, Derksen, Chris, Elias Chereque, Aleksandra, Kushner, Paul
Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature , Humidity , Evapotranspiration , Surface Winds , Rain, Precipitation Rate , Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI) , Ground Water
Assessment of ocean bottom pressure variations in CMIP6 HighResMIP simulations
2025
Liu, Le, Schindelegger, Michael, Borger, Lara, Foth, Judith, Gou, Junyang
Terrestrial Water Storage, Ground Water , Glacier Mass Balance/Ice Sheet Mass Balance , Ocean Pressure, Water Pressure, Ocean Bottom Pressure