Characterizing the 2019-2021 drought in La Plata River Basin with GLDAS and SMAP
2024
Besnier, Jessica, Getirana, Augusto, Beaudoing, Hiroko, Lakshmi, Venkataraman
Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature , Humidity , Evapotranspiration , Surface Winds , Rain , Precipitation Rate , Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Ground Water , Brightness Temperature, Surface Soil Moisture
Elevation-dependent pattern of net CO2 uptake across China
2024
Wei, Da, Tao, Jing, Wang, Zhuangzhuang, Zhao, Hui, Zhao, Wei, Wang, Xiaodan
Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Albedo , Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation , Carbon , Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Enhancing groundwater management with GRACE-based groundwater estimates from GLDAS-2.2: a case study of the Almonte-Marismas aquifer, Spain
2024
Guardiola-Albert, C., Naranjo-Fernandez, N., Rivera-Rivera, J. S., Gomez Fontalva, J. M., Aguilera, H., Ruiz-Bermudo, F., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, M.
Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature , Humidity , Evapotranspiration , Surface Winds , Rain , Precipitation Rate , Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Ground Water
Connecting Global Modes of Variability to Climate in High Mountain Asia
2024
Massoud, Elias C., Lim, Young-Kwon, Andrews, Lauren C., Girotto, Manuela
Heat Flux, Air Temperature, Skin Temperature, Specific Humidity, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate , Snow/Ice , Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds , Wind Speed , U/V Wind Components, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature , Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds , Surface Winds , Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
MERRA-2 tavgM_2d_flx_Nx: 2d,Monthly mean,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Surface Flux Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2TMNXFLX) MERRA-2 tavgM_2d_slv_Nx: 2d,Monthly mean,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Single-Level Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2TMNXSLV) MERRA-2 tavgM_2d_lnd_Nx: 2d,Monthly mean,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Land Surface Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2TMNXLND)
Drivers and Impacts of the Record-Breaking 2023 Wildfire Season in Canada
2024
Jain, Piyush, Barber, Quinn E., Taylor, Stephen W., Whitman, Ellen, Castellanos Acuna, Dante, Boulanger, Yan, Chavardes, Raphael D., Chen, Jack, Englefield, Peter, Flannigan, Mike, Girardin, Martin P., Hanes, Chelene C., Little, John, Morrison, Kimberly, Skakun, Rob S., Thompson, Dan K., Wang, Xianli, Parisien, Marc-Andre
Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature , Humidity , Evapotranspiration , Surface Winds , Rain , Precipitation Rate , Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Ground Water , Vegetation Index , Landscape Patterns, Fire Dynamics, Surface Radiative Properties
Coastal Supra-Permafrost Aquifers of the Arctic and Their Significant
2024
Demir, Cansu, McClelland, James W., Bristol, Emily, Charette, Matthew A., Cardenas, M. Bayani
Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature , Humidity , Evapotranspiration , Surface Winds , Rain , Precipitation Rate , Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Ground Water , Precipitation , Precipitation Amount
Evaluation of 10-m Wind Speed From ISD Meteorological Stations and the
2024
Faber, E., RochaLima, A., Colarco, P., Baker, B.
Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature , Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds , Surface Winds , U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI) , Aerosols , Carbonaceous Aerosols, Dust/Ash/Smoke , Sulfur Dioxide , Sulfur Oxides, Sulfate, Sulfate Particles, Sulfur Oxides, Particulate Matter, Emissions, UV Aerosol Index , Gas/Aerosol Composition, Aerosol Extinction, Deposition
MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_slv_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Single-Level Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXSLV) MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_lnd_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Land Surface Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXLND) MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_adg_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Aerosol Diagnostics (extended) 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXADG) MERRA-2 tavgU_2d_slv_Nx: 2d,diurnal,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Single-Level Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2TUNXSLV)
Influence of SMAP soil moisture retrieval assimilation on runoff estimation across South Asia
2024
Ahmad, Jawairia A., Forman, Bart A., Getirana, Augusto, Kumar, Sujay V.
Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature , Humidity , Evapotranspiration , Surface Winds , Rain , Precipitation Rate , Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Ground Water , Brightness Temperature, Surface Soil Moisture
Limited impact of hydrogen co-firing on prolonging fossil-based power generation under low emissions scenarios
2024
Oshiro, Ken, Fujimori, Shinichiro
Atmospheric Radiation, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties , Albedo , Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_rad_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Radiation Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXRAD) MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_lnd_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Land Surface Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXLND)
Deep learning-aided temporal downscaling of GRACE-derived terrestrial
2024
Uz, Metehan, Akyilmaz, Orhan, Shum, C.K.
Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature , Humidity , Evapotranspiration , Surface Winds , Rain , Precipitation Rate , Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Land Surface/Agriculture Indicators, Drought Indices, Satellite Soil Moisture Index, Ground Water
Evapotranspiration increment was underestimated in China due to
2024
Wu, Xinyue, Han, Wangya, Yu, Zhen
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification , Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Albedo , Photosynthetically Active Radiation , Carbon , Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Exploring evapotranspiration stress in China: A blending approach employing multi-source remote sensing proxies
2024
Liu, Yuan, Zhao, Yong, Zhai, Jiaqi, Liang, Hui, Zhu, Yongnan, Wang, Yong, Wang, Qianyang, Li, Xing, Yu, Jingshan
Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI) , Vegetation Index , Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Evaluation of root zone soil moisture products over the Huai River basin
2024
Liu, En, Zhu, Yonghua, Calvet, Jean-Christophe, Lu, Haishen, Bonan, Bertrand, Zheng, Jingyao, Gou, Qiqi, Wang, Xiaoyi, Ding, Zhenzhou, Xu, Haiting, Pan, Ying, Chen, Tingxing
Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature , Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds , Surface Winds , U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Humidity , Evapotranspiration , Rain , Precipitation Rate , Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Ground Water , Surface Soil Moisture
NDVI joint process-based models drive a learning ensemble model for accurately estimating cropland net primary productivity (NPP)
2024
Wang, Zhaosheng, Liu, Zhengjia, Huang, Mei
Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Albedo , Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation , Carbon , Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Non-Stationary Flash Drought Analysis and Its Teleconnection With
2024
Priya, Krishna, Reddy, V. M., Ray, Litan Kumar, Das, Jew
Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature , Humidity , Evapotranspiration , Surface Winds , Rain , Precipitation Rate , Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Ground Water
Permafrost Region Greenhouse Gas Budgets Suggest a Weak CO<sub>2</sub>
2024
Hugelius, G., Ramage, J., Burke, E., Chatterjee, A., Smallman, T. L., Aalto, T., Bastos, A., Biasi, C., Canadell, J. G., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Ciais, P., Chang, J., Feng, L., Jones, M. W., Kleinen, T., Kuhn, M., Lauerwald, R., Liu, J., LopezBlanco, E., Luijkx, I. T., Marushchak, M. E., Natali, S. M., Niwa, Y., Olefeldt, D., Palmer, P. I., Patra, P. K., Peters, W., Potter, S., Poulter, B., Rogers, B. M., Riley, W. J., Saunois, M., Schuur, E. A. G., Thompson, R. L., Treat, C., Tsuruta, A., Turetsky, M. R., Virkkala, A.M., Voigt, C., Watts, J., Zhu, Q., Zheng, B.
Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Albedo , Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation , Carbon , Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff , Soil Temperature, PERMAFROST MELT, Cryospheric Feedbacks, Permafrost , Carbon Flux , Carbon , Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Multi-model hydrological reference dataset over continental Europe and an African basin
2024
Droppers, Bram, Rakovec, Oldrich, Avila, Leandro, Azimi, Shima, Cortes-Torres, Nicolas, De Leon Perez, David, Imhoff, Ruben, Frances, Felix, Kollet, Stefan, Rigon, Riccardo, Weerts, Albrecht, Samaniego, Luis
Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation , Leaf Area Index (LAI) , Fraction Of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fapar), Terrestrial Water Storage, Ground Water , Glacier Mass Balance/Ice Sheet Mass Balance
The impact of drought on terrestrial carbon in the West African Sahel: Implications for natural climate solutions
2024
Rigatti, Emma, McDermid, Sonali S., Cook, Benjamin I., De Kauwe, Martin G.
Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Albedo , Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation , Carbon , Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Sensitivity of horizontal resolution and land surface model in operational WRF forecast for Online Nuclear Emergency Response System (ONERS)
2024
Karmakar, Shanu, Rajeswari, J. R., Kundu, Dipan, Srinivas, C. V., Chandrasekaran, S., Venkatraman, B.
Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI) , Precipitation Amount, Precipitation Rate , Snow, Rain
Toward Flash Flood Modeling Using Gradient Resolving Representative
2024
Manoj J, Ashish, Loritz, Ralf, Villinger, Franziska, Malicke, Mirko, Koopaeidar, Mehdi, Goppert, Hans, Zehe, Erwin
Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Where to draw the line: Physical space partitioning and view privacy in ar-based co-located collaboration for immersive analytics
2024
Ouedraogo, Inoussa, Nguyen, Huyen, Bourdot, Patrick
Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature , Humidity , Evapotranspiration , Surface Winds , Rain , Precipitation Rate , Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Which global reanalysis dataset has better representativeness in snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau?
2024
Yan, Shirui, Chen, Yang, Hou, Yaliang, Liu, Kexin, Li, Xuejing, Xing, Yuxuan, Wu, Dongyou, Cui, Jiecan, Zhou, Yue, Pu, Wei, Wang, Xin
Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature , Humidity , Evapotranspiration , Surface Winds , Rain , Precipitation Rate , Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Air Temperature, 24 Hour Maximum Temperature, 24 Hour Minimum Temperature, Albedo, Snow Depth , Snow Water Equivalent , Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
GLDAS Noah Land Surface Model L4 3 hourly 0.25 x 0.25 degree V2.0 (GLDAS_NOAH025_3H) GLDAS Catchment Land Surface Model L4 3 hourly 1.0 x 1.0 degree V2.0 (GLDAS_CLSM10_3H) GLDAS VIC Land Surface Model L4 3 hourly 1.0 x 1.0 degree V2.0 (GLDAS_VIC10_3H) MERRA-2 statD_2d_slv_Nx: 2d,Daily,Aggregated Statistics,Single-Level,Assimilation,Single-Level Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2SDNXSLV) GLDAS Noah Land Surface Model L4 3 hourly 0.25 x 0.25 degree V2.1 (GLDAS_NOAH025_3H) GLDAS Noah Land Surface Model L4 3 hourly 1.0 x 1.0 degree V2.1 (GLDAS_NOAH10_3H) GLDAS Noah Land Surface Model L4 3 hourly 1.0 x 1.0 degree V2.0 (GLDAS_NOAH10_3H) GLDAS Catchment Land Surface Model L4 3 hourly 1.0 x 1.0 degree V2.1 (GLDAS_CLSM10_3H) High Mountain Asia UCLA Daily Snow Reanalysis V001 MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_lnd_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Land Surface Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T1NXLND) GLDAS VIC Land Surface Model L4 3 hourly 1.0 x 1.0 degree V2.1 (GLDAS_VIC10_3H)
Water storage changes (20032020) in the Ordos Basin, China, explained by GRACE data and interpretable deep learning
2024
Hu, Ziming, Tang, Shinan, Mo, Shaoxing, Shi, Xiaoqing, Yin, Xin, Sun, Yuanyuan, Liu, Xiaomin, Duan, Limin, Miao, Ping, Liu, Tingxi, Wu, Jichun
Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Depth , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI) , Vegetation Index , Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Validation of pan-Arctic soil temperatures in modern reanalysis and data assimilation systems
2024
Herrington, Tyler C., Fletcher, Christopher G., Kropp, Heather
Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, Evapotranspiration , Wind Speed , Rain , Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Cover , Snow Depth , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation , Snow/Ice , Snow Melt , Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Remote Sensing of Drought: Satellite-Based Monitoring Tools for the United States
2024
Wardlow, Brian D., Anderson, Martha A., Tadesse, Tsegaye, Svoboda, Mark S., Fuchs, Brian, Hain, Chris R., Crow, Wade T., Rodell, Matt
Total Surface Precipitation Rate, Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature , Humidity , Evapotranspiration , Surface Winds , Rain , Precipitation Rate , Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content , Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature , Snow Water Equivalent , Runoff , Ground Water , Root Zone Soil Moisture, Surface Soil Moisture