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Description

The NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Vegetation Indices (VNP13A1) Version 2 data product provides vegetation indices by a process of selecting the best available pixel over a 16-day acquisition period at 500 meter (m) resolution. The VNP13 data products are designed after the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra and Aqua Vegetation Indices product suite to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission.

The VNP13 algorithm process produces three vegetation indices: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Enhanced Vegetation Index-2 (EVI2). NDVI is one of the longest continual remotely sensed time series observations, using both the red and near-infrared (NIR) bands. EVI is a slightly different vegetation index that is more sensitive to canopy cover, while NDVI is more sensitive to chlorophyll. EVI2 is a reformation of the standard 3-band EVI, using the red band and NIR band. This reformation addresses arising issues when comparing VIIRS EVI to other EVI models that do not include a blue band. EVI2 will eventually become the standard EVI.

Along with the three Vegetation Indices layers, this product also includes layers for NIR reflectance; three shortwave infrared (SWIR) reflectance; red, blue, and green reflectance; composite day of year; pixel reliability; relative azimuth, view, and sun angles; and a quality layer. Two low resolution browse images are also available for each VNP13A1 product: EVI and NDVI.

Known Issues

  • Due to missing critical inputs, this product lacks coverage for tiles h33v07 and h18v14, which are located over water.
  • For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website and the User Guide and ATBD.

Version Description

The following modifications and enhancements were implemented for Suomi NPP Version 2 vegetation indices data products: (1) Improved calibration algorithm and coefficients for entire Suomi NPP mission, (2) Improved geolocation accuracy and applied updates to fix outliers around maneuver periods, (3) Corrected the aerosol quantity flag (low, average, high) mainly over brighter surfaces in the mid- to high-latitudes such as desert and tropical vegetation areas. This has an impact on the retrieval of other downstream data products such as VNP13 Vegetation Indices and VNP43 Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)/Albedo, (4) Improved cloud mask input product for corrections along coastlines and artifacts from use of coarse resolution climatology data, (5) Replaced the land/water mask input product with the eight-class land/water mask from the VNP03 geolocation product that better aligns with MODIS, (6) Modified QA VI Usefulness bits to ignore BRDF flag, and (7) Implemented VI specific land/water mask. Further details can be found in the VIIRS Land V2 Changes document (https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/VIIRS_Land_C2_Cha…).

Product Summary

Platforms
Suomi-NPP
Instruments
VIIRS
Spatial Extent

N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180

Spatial Resolution
500 Meters x 500 Meters
Spatial Reference System(s)
VIIRS Sinusoidal Tiling System
Location
GLOBAL
Coordinate System
CARTESIAN
Granule Spatial Representation
GEODETIC
Temporal Extent
2012-01-17 to Present
Temporal Resolution
16 Day
Data Partner
Land Science Investigator-led Processing System, Terrestrial Information Systems Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, Sciences and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA (NASA/GSFC/SED/ESD/TISL/LandSIPS) ,
Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC)
Concept ID
C2519127224-LPCLOUD
Data State
ACTIVE
Number of Files/Granules
185731
Processing Level
3
Published
Updated
Science Keywords
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ,
Plant Phenology ,
Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)

Citation

Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.

Copy Citation

Vermote, E. (2023). VIIRS/NPP Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V002 [Data set]. NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP13A1.002 Date Accessed: 2026-05-01

File Naming Convention

VNP13A1.A2025209.h01v11.002.2025228055746.h5

The file name begins with the Product Short Name (VNP13A1) followed by the Julian Date of Acquisition formatted as AYYYYDDD (A2025209), the Tile Identifier which is horizontal tile and vertical tile provided as hXXvYY (h01v11), the Version of the data collection (002), the Julian Date and Time of Production designated as YYYYDDDHHMMSS (2025228055746), and the Data Format (h5).

Documents

Publications Citing This Dataset

Filters
Title Year Author Topic
Navigating multi-predator dynamic risk landscapes in anthropogenic Gehr, Benedikt, Smith, Adam. F., Ciuti, Simone, Muff, Stefanie, Bonnot, Nadege C., Ossi, Federico, Morellet, Nicolas, Berger, Anne, Borowik, Tomasz, De Groeve, Johannes, Heurich, Marco, Keller, Lukas, Kjellander, Petter, Kroeschel, Max, Nicoloso, Sandro, Ranc, Nathan, Sunde, Peter, Torres, Rita T., Gaillard, Jean-Michel, Cagnacci, Francesca Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Plant Phenology
Evaluating the role of low-cost sensors in machine learning based Shetty, Shobitha, Hassani, Amirhossein, Hamer, Paul D., Stebel, Kerstin, Salamalikis, Vasileios, Berntsen, Terje Koren, Castell, Nuria, Schneider, Philipp Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Climate-Induced Vegetation Stress Detected Through Remote Sensing of Bayazit, Esra, Kartal, Veysi, Sammen, Saad Sh., Scholz, Miklas Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Plant Phenology
Regional vs local LSTM models for short-term streamflow forecasting Saavedra-Garrido, Jorge, Arevalo, Jorge, De La Fuente, Luis, Tapia, Aldo, Paredes-Arroyo, Christopher, Cordova, Ana Maria, Velandia, Daira, Alvarez, Pablo, Reyes-Serrano, Hector, Salas, Rodrigo Terrain Elevation, RADAR IMAGERY, Topographical Relief Maps, Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction Of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fapar), Plant Phenology
Temperature and precipitation seasonality drive morphological divergence in the neotropical bat genus Vampyrodes (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) Velazco, Paul M., Scholl, Connor, Johnson, Riley, Hoos, Faith, Esquivel, Diego A. Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Plant Phenology
Social status as a developmental process in wild vervet monkeys: beyond maternal inheritance Vilette, Chloe, Nord, Christina M., Bonnell, Tyler R., Dostie, Marcus J., McFarland, Richard, Young, Christopher, Henzi, S. Peter, Barrett, Louise Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Plant Phenology
Widespread biophysical cooling effects due to post-fire greening Xi, Huipeng, Wang, Qunming, Xiao, Yuelong, Guo, Ru, Tong, Xiaohua, Atkinson, Peter M. Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction Of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fapar), Fire Ecology, Biomass Burning, Wildfires, Fire Occurrence, Albedo, Anisotropy, Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Evapotranspiration, Photosynthesis, Primary Production, Latent Heat Flux, Burned Area, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity
LinU-Mamba: Visual Mamba U-Net with Linear Attention to Predict Wildfire Andrianarivony, Henintsoa S., Akhloufi, Moulay A. Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Estimating vegetation indices and biophysical parameters for Central European temperate forests with Sentinel-1 SAR data and machine learning Paluba, Daniel, Le Saux, Bertrand, Sarti, Francesco, Stych, Premysl Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction Of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fapar), Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Plant Phenology
Ecosystem multistability maintained by water resource management in Wang, Bo, Li, Anyuan, Zhu, Meng, Liu, Wei, Lu, Zhixiang, Liu, Wen, Xu, Chi, Feng, Qi Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Plant Phenology
Exploring the relationship between vegetation greenness and precipitation on the Tibetan plateau during the growing season Yang, Xiaolei, Sun, Shaobo, Song, Zhaoliang, Che, Tao Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Plant Phenology, Vegetation Index
Can real-time NDVI observations better constrain SMAP soil moisture Feng, Sijia, Gao, Lun, Qiu, Jianxiu, Liu, Xiaoping, Crow, Wade T., Zhao, Tianjie, Tan, Chao, Wang, Shaohua, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Vegetation Index, Precipitation, Precipitation Amount, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Rain
Daily high-resolution surface PM<sub>2.5</sub> estimation over Europe by Shetty, Shobitha, Hamer, Paul D., Stebel, Kerstin, Kylling, Arve, Hassani, Amirhossein, Berntsen, Terje Koren, Schneider, Philipp Population Density, Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Aquatic Ecosystems, Terrestrial Ecosystems, Vegetation, Soils
Digital mapping of peat thickness and carbon stock of global peatlands Widyastuti, Marliana Tri, Minasny, Budiman, Padarian, Jose, Maggi, Federico, Aitkenhead, Matt, Beucher, Amelie, Connolly, John, Fiantis, Dian, Kidd, Darren, Ma, Yuxin, Macfarlane, Fraser, Robb, Ciaran, Rudiyanto, Setiawan, Budi I., Taufik, Muh Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Stratigraphic Sequence, Digital Elevation/Terrain Model (DEM), Soil Depth, Sediments
The changing face of the Arctic: four decades of greening and implications for tundra ecosystems Frost, Gerald V., Bhatt, Uma S., Macander, Matthew J., Berner, Logan T., Walker, Donald A., Raynolds, Martha K., Magnusson, Runa I., Bartsch, Annett, Bjerke, Jarle W., Epstein, Howard E., Forbes, Bruce C., Goetz, Scott J., Hoy, Elizabeth E., Karlsen, Stein R., Kumpula, Timo, Lantz, Trevor C., Lara, Mark J., Lopez-Blanco, Efren, Montesano, Paul M., Neigh, Christopher S. R., Nitze, Ingmar, Orndahl, Kathleen M., Park, Taejin, Phoenix, Gareth K., Rocha, Adrian V., Rogers, Brendan M., Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Tmmervik, Hans, Verdonen, Mariana, Veremeeva, Alexandra, Virkkala, Anna-Maria, Waigl, Christine F. Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Plant Phenology, Vegetation Index
Microbial diversity in the arid and semi-arid soils of Botswana Tidimalo, Coetzee, Maximiliano, Ortiz, Karen, Jordaan, Lebre, Pedro H., Bernard, Olivier, Michelle, Greve, Oagile, Dikinya, Cowan, Don A. Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Per-Pixel Forest Attribute Mapping and Error Estimation: The Google Earth Engine and R dataDriven Tool Francini, Saverio, Marcelli, Agnese, Chirici, Gherardo, Di Biase, Rosa Maria, Fattorini, Lorenzo, Corona, Piermaria Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity, Reflectance, Albedo, Anisotropy, Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Automated generation of consistent annual maximum NDVI on coal bases with a new algorithm Li, Jun, Qin, Tingting, Zhang, Chengye, Zhang, Yicong, Zhang, Yaping, Shi, Haitao, Yang, Yihao Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Vegetation Index
Vegetation phenology as a key driver for fire occurrence in the UK and comparable humid temperate regions Nikonovas, Tadas, Santin, Cristina, Belcher, Claire M., Clay, Gareth D., Kettridge, Nicholas, Smith, Thomas E. L., Doerr, Stefan H. Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Paying Attention to Wildfire: Using U-Net with Attention Blocks on Multimodal Data for Next Day Prediction Fitzgerald, Jack, Seefried, Ethan, Yost, James E, Pallickara, Sangmi, Blanchard, Nathaniel Population Density, Fire Occurrence, Surface Thermal Properties, Land Surface Temperature, THERMAL ANOMALIES, Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
An improved dynamic threshold method for determining the start of the vegetation greening season in remote sensing monitoring: The case of Inner Mongolia Li, Haoxin, Li, Frank Yonghong, Guo, Jingpeng, Gao, Xiaotian Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
Detection of vegetation drying signals using diurnal variation of land surface temperature: Application to the 2018 East Asia heatwave Yamamoto, Yuhei, Ichii, Kazuhito, Ryu, Youngryel, Kang, Minseok, Murayama, Shohei, Kim, Su-Jin, Cleverly, Jamie R. Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
A map of global peatland extent created using machine learning (Peat-ML) Melton, Joe R., Chan, Ed, Millard, Koreen, Fortier, Matthew, Winton, R. Scott, Martin-Lopez, Javier M., Cadillo-Quiroz, Hinsby, Kidd, Darren, Verchot, Louis V. Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
Next day wildfire spread: A machine learning dataset to predict wildfire spreading from remote-sensing data Huot, Fantine, Hu, R. Lily, Goyal, Nita, Sankar, Tharun, Ihme, Matthias, Chen, Yi-Fan Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Fire Occurrence, Surface Thermal Properties, Land Surface Temperature, THERMAL ANOMALIES, Plant Phenology
Biogeographical survey of soil microbiomes across sub-Saharan Africa: structure, drivers, and predicted climate-driven changes Cowan, DA, Lebre, PH, Amon, CER, Becker, RW, Boga, HI, Boulange, A, Chiyaka, TL, Coetzee, T, de Jager, PC, Dikinya, O, Eckardt, F, Greve, M, Harris, MA, Hopkins, DW, Houngnandan, HB, Houngnandan, P, Jordaan, K, Kaimoyo, E, Kambura, AK, Kamgan-Nkuekam, G, Makhalanyane, TP, Maggs-Kolling, G, Marais, E, Mondlane, H, Nghalipo, E, Olivier, BW, Ortiz, M, Pertierra, LR, Ramond, J-B, Seely, M, Sithole-Niang, I, Valverde, A, Varliero, G, Vikram, S, Wall, DH, Zeze, A Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Analysis of multifractal and organization/order structure in Suomi-NPP VIIRS normalized difference vegetation index series of wildfire affected and unaffected sites by ... Ba, Rui, Song, Weiguo, Lovallo, Michele, Lo, Siuming, Telesca, Luciano Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Dynamics of evapotranspiration over a non-irrigated alfalfa field in the Southern Great Plains of the United States Wagle, Pradeep, Gowda, Prasanna H., Northup, Brian K. Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction Of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fapar), Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Evapotranspiration, Latent Heat Flux, Plant Phenology
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Variables

The table below lists the variables contained within a single granule for this dataset. Variables often contain observed or derived geophysical measurements collected from a variety of sources, including remote sensing instruments on satellite and airborne platforms, field campaigns, in situ measurements, and model outputs. The terms variable, parameter, scientific data set, layer, and band have been used across NASA’s Earth science disciplines; however, variable is the designated nomenclature in NASA’s Common Metadata Repository (CMR). Variable metadata attributes such as Name, Description, Units, Data Type, Fill Value, Valid Range, and Scale Factor allow users to efficiently process and analyze the data. The full range of attributes may not be applicable to all variables. Additional information on variable attributes is typically available in the data, user guide, and/or other product documentation.

For questions on a specific variable, please use the Earthdata Forum.

Name Description Units Data Type Fill Value Valid Range Scale Factor Offset
500 m 16 days blue reflectance 500 m 16 days blue reflectance (478–498 nm) N/A int16 -1000 0 to 10000 10000 N/A
500 m 16 days composite day of the year 500 m 16 days composite day of the year Julian day int16 -1 1 to 366 N/A N/A
500 m 16 days EVI 500 m 16 days EVI EVI int16 -15000 -10000 to 10000 10000 N/A
500 m 16 days EVI2 500 m 16 days EVI2 EVI2 int16 -15000 -10000 to 10000 10000 N/A
500 m 16 days green reflectance 500 m 16 days green reflectance (545–565 nm) N/A int16 -1000 0 to 10000 10000 N/A
500 m 16 days NDVI 500 m 16 days NDVI NDVI int16 -15000 -10000 to 10000 10000 N/A
500 m 16 days NIR reflectance 500 m 16 days NIR reflectance (846–885 nm) N/A int16 -1000 0 to 10000 10000 N/A
500 m 16 days pixel reliability 500 m 16 days pixel reliability Rank int8 -4 0 to 11 N/A N/A
500 m 16 days red reflectance 500 m 16 days red reflectance (600–680 nm) N/A int16 -1000 0 to 10000 10000 N/A
500 m 16 days relative azimuth angle 500 m 16 days relative azimuth angle Degree int16 -20000 -18000 to 18000 100 N/A
500 m 16 days sun zenith angle 500 m 16 days sun zenith angle Degree int16 -20000 0 to 18000 100 N/A
500 m 16 days SWIR1 reflectance 500 m 16 days SWIR1 reflectance (1230–1250 nm) N/A int16 -1000 0 to 10000 10000 N/A
500 m 16 days SWIR2 reflectance 500 m 16 days SWIR2 reflectance (1580–1640 nm) N/A int16 -1000 0 to 10000 10000 N/A
500 m 16 days SWIR3 reflectance 500 m 16 days SWIR3 reflectance (2225–2275 nm) N/A int16 -1000 0 to 10000 10000 N/A
500 m 16 days view zenith angle 500 m 16 days view zenith angle Degree int16 -20000 0 to 18000 100 N/A
500 m 16 days VI Quality 500 m 16 days VI Quality Bit Field uint16 65535 0 to 65534 N/A N/A
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