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Description

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Thermal Anomalies (VNP14) Version 2 product is produced in 6-minute temporal satellite increments (swaths) at 750 meter resolution from the VIIRS sensor located on the NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite. This product is designed after the Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Thermal Anomalies and Fire data products to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. This data product can enable users to understand the location and intensity of fire events as well as identifying thermal anomalies.

The VNP14 product includes 31 science dataset layers to analyze key factors in fire detection, including atmospheric conditions (e.g., atmospheric reflectance, solar zenith angle, brightness temperature) and fuel type for the event. The fire mask layer in the VNP14 product is the primary layer and can be used to identify fires and other thermal anomalies such as volcanoes. In addition to the fire mask, brightness temperature is provided for VIIRS channels M5, M7, M11, M13, M15, and M16.

Each swath of data is approximately 3,060 kilometers along track (long) and 3,060 kilometers across track (wide). The VNP14 product is also used to generate higher-level fire data products.

Use of the VNP03MODLL data product is required to apply accurate geolocation information to the VNP14 Science Datasets (SDS) / Variables.

Known Issues

Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions

  • Improved calibration algorithm and coefficients for entire Suomi NPP mission.
  • Improved geolocation accuracy and applied updates to fix outliers around maneuver periods.
  • Corrected the aerosol quantity flag (low, average, high) mainly over brighter surfaces in the mid- to high-latitudes such as desert and tropical vegetation areas. This has an impact on the retrieval of other downstream data products such as VNP13 Vegetation Indices and VNP43 Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)/Albedo.
  • Improved cloud mask input product for corrections along coastlines and artifacts from use of coarse resolution climatology data.
  • Replaced the land/water mask input product with the eight-class land/water mask from the VNP03 geolocation product that better aligns with MODIS.
  • More details can be found in this VIIRS Land V2 Changes document.

Product Summary

Platforms
Suomi-NPP
Instruments
VIIRS
Spatial Extent

N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180

Spatial Resolution
750 Meters x 750 Meters
Geographic Region
GLOBAL
Coordinate System
CARTESIAN
Granule Spatial Representation
GEODETIC
Temporal Extent
2012-01-17 to Present
Temporal Resolution
1 Day
Data Partner
Land Science Investigator-led Processing System, Terrestrial Information Systems Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, Sciences and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA (NASA/GSFC/SED/ESD/TISL/LandSIPS) ,
Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC)
Concept ID
C2545314536-LPCLOUD
Data State
ACTIVE
Number of Files/Granules
1205449
Processing Level
2
Published
Updated
Science Keywords
Land Surface Temperature ,
Fire Occurrence

Citation

Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.

Copy Citation

Giglio, L. (2023). VIIRS/NPP Thermal Anomalies/Fire 6-Min L2 Swath 750m V002 [Data set]. NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP14.002 Date Accessed: 2025-12-14

File Naming Convention

VNP14.A2025227.0548.002.2025227231352.nc

The file name begins with the Product Short Name (VNP14) followed by the Julian Date of Acquisition formatted as AYYYYDDD (A2025227), the Hours and Minutes of Acquisition provided as HHMM (0548), the Version of the data collection (002), the Julian Date and Time of Production designated as YYYYDDDHHMMSS (2025227231352), and the Data Format (nc).

Documents

USER'S GUIDE

ALGORITHM THEORETICAL BASIS DOCUMENT (ATBD)

PRODUCT QUALITY ASSESSMENT

SCIENCE DATA PRODUCT VALIDATION

GENERAL DOCUMENTATION

Publications Citing This Dataset

Variables

Variables are a set of physical properties whose values determine the characteristics or behavior of something. For example, temperature and pressure are variables of the atmosphere. Parameters and variables can be used interchangeably. Variable level attributes provide individual information for each variable.

The Name in this table is the variable name. Fill value indicates missing or undefined data points in a variable. Valid range is the range of values the variable can store. Scale factor is used to increase or decrease the size of an object and can be used to correct for distortion. For questions on a specific variable, please use the Earthdata Forum.

Name Description Units Data Type Fill Value Valid Range Scale Factor
CMG_day Day flag N/A uint16 N/A N/A N/A
CMG_night Night flag N/A uint16 N/A N/A N/A
fire mask Confidence of Fire Class Flag uint8 N/A 0 to 9 N/A
fire_qa Pixel quality indicators Bit Field uint32 N/A 0 to 4294967295 N/A
FP_AdjCloud Number of adjacent cloud pixels N/A uint8 N/A 0 to 8 N/A
FP_AdjWater Number of adjacent water pixels N/A uint8 N/A 0 to 8 N/A
FP_CMG_col Climate modeling grid column N/A int16 N/A N/A N/A
FP_CMG_row Climate modeling grid row N/A int16 N/A N/A N/A
FP_confidence Detection confidence Percent uint8 N/A 0 to 100 N/A
FP_land Land pixel flag N/A uint8 N/A N/A N/A
FP_latitude Latitude of fire pixel Degree float32 N/A -90 to 90 N/A
FP_line Fire pixel line, valid range 0 to (16 x N)-1 Number int16 N/A 0 N/A
FP_longitude Longitude of fire pixel Degree float32 N/A -180 to 180 N/A
FP_MAD_DT Background M13-M15 brightness temperature difference mean absolute deviation ~ > 0 to 20 Kelvin float32 0 0 to 20 N/A
FP_MAD_R7 Background M7 reflectance mean absolute deviation ~ > 0 to 0.2 N/A float32 -1 0 to 0.2 N/A
FP_MAD_T13 Background M13 brightness temperature mean absolute deviation ~ > 0 to 20 Kelvin float32 0 0 to 20 N/A
FP_MAD_T15 Background M15 brightness temperature mean absolute deviation ~ > 0 to 20 Kelvin float32 0 0 to 20 N/A
FP_MeanDT Mean background brightness temperature difference ~ > -10 to 40 Kelvin float32 0 -10 to 40 N/A
FP_MeanR7 Background M7 reflectance ~ > 0 to 0.6 N/A float32 -1 0 to 0.6 N/A
FP_MeanT13 M13 brightness temperature of background Kelvin float32 0 260 to 340 N/A
FP_MeanT15 M15  brightness temperature of background Kelvin float32 0 260 to 340 N/A
FP_NumValid Number of valid background pixels Number int16 N/A N/A N/A
FP_power Fire radiative power ~ > 0 to 5000 Megawatts float32 0 0 to 5000 N/A
FP_R7 M7 fire reflectance pixels ~ > 0 to 0.35 N/A float32 -1 0 to 0.35 N/A
FP_RelAzAng Relative Azimuth Angle Degree float32 N/A -180 to 180 N/A
FP_sample Fire Pixel Sample N/A int16 N/A 0 to 3199 N/A
FP_SolZenAng Solar Zenith Angle of fire pixel Degree float32 N/A 0 to 180 N/A
FP_T13 M13 brightness temperature of fire pixel. ~ 300 to 634 Kelvin float32 N/A 300 to 634 N/A
FP_T15 M15 brightness temperature of fire pixel ~ 265 to 330 Kelvin float32 N/A 265 to 330 N/A
FP_ViewZenAng View Zenith Angle of fire pixel ~ 0 to 70 Degree float32 N/A 0 to 70 N/A
FP_WinSize Background Window Size N/A uint8 N/A 5 to 21 N/A
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