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Description

This dataset contains shipboard thermosalinograph (TSG), meteorology, and bio-optics measurements taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) field campaign. The experiment was conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco, during a pilot campaign that spanned two weeks in October 2021, and two intensive operating periods in Fall 2022 and Spring 2023. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. The TSG instrument measures the temperature and conductivity of seawater passing through a port in the hull of the ship. TSG data is calibrated using water samples compared to standard seawater and a laboratory salinometer onboard the ship. This dataset also contains chlorophyll and meteorology measurements including air temperature, barometric pressure, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, and radiative fluxes. Data are available in netCDF format, with separate dimensions for time, time of bio-optics measurements, and time of radiometer measurements.

Product Summary

Platforms
Ships
Instruments
THERMOSALINOGRAPHS ,
FLUOROMETERS
Spatial Extent

N: 38.1 S: 36.3 E: -122.9 W: -125.4

Coordinate System
CARTESIAN
Granule Spatial Representation
CARTESIAN
Temporal Extent
2021-08-01 to 2023-05-04
Data Partner
Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA (NASA/JPL/PODAAC)
Concept ID
C2832851810-POCLOUD
Data State
COMPLETE
Number of Files/Granules
3
Processing Level
2
Science Keywords
Salinity/Density ,
Conductivity ,
Salinity ,
Sea Surface Temperature ,
Relative Humidity ,
Atmospheric Pressure Measurements ,
Surface Temperature ,
Chlorophyll Concentration

Citation

Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.

Copy Citation

S-MODE. (2022). S-MODE L2 Shipboard Thermosalinograph, Meteorology, and Bio-optics Measurements Version 1 [Data set]. NASA Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.5067/SMODE-RVTSG Date Accessed: 2026-03-17

Documents

Variables

The table below lists the variables contained within a single granule for this dataset. Variables often contain observed or derived geophysical measurements collected from a variety of sources, including remote sensing instruments on satellite and airborne platforms, field campaigns, in situ measurements, and model outputs. The terms variable, parameter, scientific data set, layer, and band have been used across NASA’s Earth science disciplines; however, variable is the designated nomenclature in NASA’s Common Metadata Repository (CMR). Variable metadata attributes such as Name, Description, Units, Data Type, Fill Value, Valid Range, and Scale Factor allow users to efficiently process and analyze the data. The full range of attributes may not be applicable to all variables. Additional information on variable attributes is typically available in the data, user guide, and/or other product documentation.

For questions on a specific variable, please use the Earthdata Forum.

Name Description Units Data Type Fill Value Valid Range Scale Factor Offset
absorbtion_676nm_ACS Absorption line height at 676 nm from the ACS (Seabird Scientific) m-1 double -9999 0 to 10 1 N/A
air_pressure Barometric Pressure mbar double -9999 950 to 1050 1 N/A
air_temperature Air Temperature degrees_c double -9999 0 to 10 1 N/A
barometric_pressure Barometric Pressure hPa double -9999 950 to 1050 1 N/A
beam_attenuation_657nm_ACS beam attenuation from ACS at 657 nm, m-1 double -9999 0 to 2 1 N/A
beam_attenuation_657nm_CSTAR Beam attenuation at 657 nm from the Wetlabs C-Star m-1 double -9999 0 to 2 1 N/A
chlorophyll Chlorophyll Measurement ug L-1 double -9999 0 to 20 1 N/A
chlorophyll_ACS ACS (Seabird Scientific)-derived chlorophyll from absorption line height at 657 nm (PRIMARY CHL PROXY) ug L-1 double -9999 0 to 30 1 N/A
chlorophyll_flourometer Calibrated chlorophyll-fluorescence ug L-1 double -9999 0 to 30 1 N/A
conductivity Conductivity S m-1 double -9999 0 to 6 1 N/A
conductivity_bow Sea Water Conductivity from Bow TSG mS cm-1 double -9999 0 to 50 1 N/A
conductivity_bow_uncorrected Uncorrected Sea Water Conductivity from Bow TSG mS cm-1 double -9999 0 to 50 1 N/A
conductivity_lab Sea Water Conductivity from Main Lab TSG mS cm-1 double -9999 0 to 50 1 N/A
conductivity_lab_uncorrected Uncorrected Sea Water Conductivity from Main Lab TSG 1 double -9999 0 to 50 1 N/A
CSTAR_QCflag Data Flags for CSTAR Beam Attenuation and POC N/A double -9999 N/A 1 N/A
dew_point Dew Point degrees_c double -9999 -2 to 40 1 N/A
flow_rate_bow_pco2 Flow Rate Through Bow PCO2 L min-1 double -9999 0 to 4 1 N/A
flow_rate_bow_tsg Flow Rate Through Bow TSG L min-1 double -9999 0 to 4 1 N/A
flow_rate_lab_tsg Flow Rate Through Lab TSG L min-1 double -9999 0 to 4 1 N/A
FLW09 Flow Meter at Main Lab System N/A double N/A N/A 1 N/A
FLW19 Flow Meter at Bow TSG System N/A double N/A N/A 1 N/A
FLW20 Flow Meter at Bow PCO2 System N/A double N/A N/A 1 N/A
INST_ACS Seabird ac-s Spectral Absorption and Attenuation (ACS) N/A double N/A N/A 1 N/A
INST_CSTAR WET Labs C-Star transmissometer (657 nm) N/A double N/A N/A 1 N/A
INST_FL WET Labs chlorophyll fluorometer N/A double N/A N/A 1 N/A
latitude Latitude of Meteorology/TSG Measurement degrees_north double N/A N/A 1 N/A
latitude_bio Latitude of Bio-Optical Flowthrough Measurement degrees_north double N/A N/A 1 N/A
latitude_radiometer Latitude of Radiometer Measurement degrees_north double N/A N/A 1 N/A
longitude Longitude of Meteorology/TSG Measurement degrees_east double N/A N/A 1 N/A
longitude_bio Longitude of Bio-Optical Flowthrough Measurement degrees_east double N/A N/A 1 N/A
longitude_radiometer Longitude of Radiometer Measurement degrees_east double N/A N/A 1 N/A
longwave_body_temperature Longwave radiometer body temperature degrees_C double -9999 -5 to 40 1 N/A
longwave_dome_temperature Longwave radiometer dome temperature degrees_C double -9999 -5 to 40 1 N/A
longwave_flux Downwelling longwave flux in air measured by ASIMET shortwave radiometer W m-2 double -9999 200 to 500 1 N/A
longwave_thermopile_voltage Longwave radiometer thermopile voltage microvolts double -9999 -400 to 100 1 N/A
long_wave_flux Long Wave Downward Flux W m-2 double -9999 0 to 2000 1 N/A
optode_temperature Optode Temperature degrees_c double -9999 -2 to 40 1 N/A
oxygen Volume Concentration of Oxygen in Seawater ml l-1 double -9999 -2 to 40 1 N/A
par PAR/Irradiance volts double -9999 0 to 1500 1 N/A
particulate_organic_carbon_acs ACS cp(657 nm) derived POC umol L-1 double -9999 0 to 150 1 N/A
particulate_organic_carbon_cstar POC derived from the Wetlabs C-Star umol L-1 double -9999 0 to 100 1 N/A
photosynthetically_active_radiation Photosynthetically Active Radiation mol m-2 s-1 double -9999 0 to 5000 1 N/A
poc Particulate Organic Carbon umol L-1 double -9999 0 to 1000 1 N/A
relative_humidity Relative Humidity percent double -9999 0 to 100 1 N/A
salinity Sea Water Salinity 1 double -9999 2 to 42 1 N/A
salinity_bow Sea Water Practical Salinity from Bow TSG 1 double -9999 2 to 42 1 N/A
salinity_lab Sea Water Practical Salinity from Main Lab TSG 1 double -9999 2 to 42 1 N/A
ship_heading Heading of R/V Sally Ride degrees double -9999 0 to 360 1 N/A
ship_speed Speed of R/V Sally Ride m s-1 double -9999 0 to 10 1 N/A
shortwave_flux Downwelling shortwave flux in air measured by ASIMET shortwave radiometer W m-2 double -9999 0 to 1400 1 N/A
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