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Description

This data set, part of NASA's Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) Program, consists of ice velocities at 240 m resolution, generated from Landsat 4, 5, 7, and 8 optical image pairs. Velocities were derived using the autonomous Repeat Image Feature Tracking algorithm (autoRIFT) processing chain. Data are available for all land ice areas larger than 5 square km, spanning the period from 1985 to 2018 (subject to image availability and quality). Data scarcity and/or low radiometric quality are significant limiting factors for many regions during the earlier years of the data record. Annual, global coverage is nearly complete after the 2013 launch of Landsat 8.

Version Description

Initial release

Product Summary

Platforms
LANDSAT-4 ,
LANDSAT-5 ,
LANDSAT-7 ,
LANDSAT-8
Instruments
TM ,
ETM+ ,
OLI
Spatial Extent

N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180

Spatial Resolution
240 Meters x 240 Meters
Location
GLOBAL LAND
Coordinate System
CARTESIAN
Granule Spatial Representation
CARTESIAN
Temporal Extent
1982-11-12 to 2019-04-27
Temporal Resolution
Varies
Concept ID
C3291016291-NSIDC_CPRD
Data State
COMPLETE
Number of Files/Granules
5990193
Processing Level
3
Published
Science Keywords
Ice Velocity

Citation

Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.

Copy Citation

Gardner, A., Fahnestock, M., & Scambos, T. (2022). MEaSUREs ITS_LIVE Landsat Image-Pair Glacier and Ice Sheet Surface Velocities, Version 1 [Data set]. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.5067/IMR9D3PEI28U Date Accessed: 2026-05-02

Documents

Publications Citing This Dataset

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Title Year Author Topic
Insights From Two Decades of Seismicity at Columbia Glacier John, Sebin, West, Michael E., Truffer, Martin Ice Velocity
Spatiotemporally Heterogeneous Impact of Proglacial Lake on Himalayan Glacier Dynamics Revealed by Multi-Source Remote Sensing Li, Xiaoen, Liu, Yi, Pang, Xiaoguang, Jiang, Liming Ice Velocity
A century of flow and surge history of Sit' Tlein (Malaspina Glacier), Southeast Alaska DevauxChupin, Victor, Truffer, Martin, Brinkerhoff, Douglas, Fahnestock, Mark, Loso, Michael G., Christoffersen, Michael S., Daniel, Michael, Tober, Brandon S., Larsen, Christopher, Holt, John W. Ice Velocity
A framework for three-dimensional dynamic modeling of mountain glaciers in the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM v2. 2) Minallah, Samar, Lipscomb, William H., Leguy, Gunter, Zekollari, Harry Ice Velocity
A Frontal Ablation Dataset for 49 Tidewater Glaciers in Greenland Fahrner, Dominik, Slater, Donald A., KC, Aman, Cenedese, Claudia, Sutherland, David A., Enderlin, Ellyn, de Jong, M. Femke, Kjeldsen, Kristian K., Wood, Michael, Nienow, Peter, Nowicki, Sophie, Wagner, Till J. W. Ice Velocity
Integrating a laminar-flow inversion with random-cell interpolation for glacier ice thickness: an application to the Western Kunlun Mountains Li, Zhiqiang, Li, Jia, Ma, Xuyan, Li, Long, Guo, Lei, Wu, Junhui, Kong, Lingshuai, Dian, Jiahao, Ye, Huiguo Ice Velocity
Monitoring Glacier Debris Flows and Dammed Lakes Using Multiple Satellite Images in the Badswat Watershed, Northern Karakoram Lesi, Muchu, Nie, Yong, Wang, Wen, Hu, Mingcheng, Zhang, Huayu, Jiang, Xulei, Zhang, Liqi, Lin, Kaixiong, Wu, Yuhong, Ahmed, Farooq Ice Velocity, Glacier Ablation, Glacier Accumulation, Glacier Area, Glacier Mass, Glacier Melt, Glacier Refreeze, Glacier Runoff
Evaluating the affecting factors of glacier mass balance in Tanggula Mountains using explainable machine learning and the open global glacier model Xu, Qiangqiang, Kang, Shichang, He, Xiaobo, Xu, Min Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Ice Velocity
Glacier Mass Balance and Velocity Variation in Yanong Glacier, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau (2000-2017) Zhang, Jing, Lei, Yang Ice Velocity
Influence of basal melting on ice surface fracture and glacier retreat: A case study at Pine Island Glacier Yan, Boya, Zhang, Baojun, Jiang, Pei, Li, Qian, Wu, Yunsi, Liu, Mingliang Ice Velocity
Brief communication: Potential of satellite optical imagery to monitor glacier surface flow velocity variability in the tropical Andes Ducasse, Etienne, Millan, Romain, Andersen, Jonas Kvist, Rabatel, Antoine Ice Velocity
Brief communication: Tides and damage as drivers of lake drainages on Shackleton Ice Shelf Sommer, Julius, Izeboud, Maaike, de Roda Husman, Sophie, Wouters, Bert, Lhermitte, Stef Ice Velocity
Calving Mechanisms Inferred From Observations of Surface Depressions at Helheim Glacier, Greenland Shahin, Michael G., Stearns, Leigh A., van der Veen, C. J., Finnegan, David C., LeWinter, Adam L., Child, Sarah F., ONeel, Shad, Butler, Howard Ice Velocity
Calving-driven fjord dynamics resolved by seafloor fibre sensing Graff, Dominik, Lipovsky, Bradley Paul, Vieli, Andreas, Dachauer, Armin, Jackson, Rebecca, Farinotti, Daniel, Schmale, Julia, Ampuero, Jean-Paul, Berg, Eric, Dannowski, Anke, Kneib-Walter, Andrea, Kopfli, Manuela, Kopp, Heidrun, van der Loo, Enrico, Mata Flores, Daniel, Mercerat, Diego, Moser, Raphael, Sladen, Anthony, Walter, Fabian, Wasser, Diego, Welty, Ethan, Wetter, Selina, Williams, Ethan F. Ice Velocity
Debris covered glacier mapping using newly annotated multisource remote sensing data and geo-foundational model Kaushik, Saurabh, Maurya, Lalit, Tellman, Elizabeth, Zhang, Guoqing, Dharpure, Jaydeo K. Ice Velocity
Record grounded glacier retreat caused by an ice plain calving process Ochwat, Naomi, Scambos, Ted, Anderson, Robert S., Winberry, J. Paul, Luckman, Adrian, Berthier, Etienne, Bernat, Maud, Antropova, Yulia K. REFLECTED INFRARED, THERMAL INFRARED, VISIBLE IMAGERY, Ice Velocity, Glacier Elevation/Ice Sheet Elevation, Glacier Thickness/Ice Sheet Thickness
The influence of subglacial lake discharge on Thwaites Glacier ice-shelf melting and grounding-line retreat Gourmelen, N., Jakob, L., Holland, P. R., Dutrieux, P., Goldberg, D., Bevan, S., Luckman, A., Malczyk, G. Ice Velocity
Seasonality in terminus ablation rates for the glaciers in Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat) KC, Aman, Enderlin, Ellyn M., Fahrner, Dominik, Moon, Twila, Carroll, Dustin Ice Velocity
Searching for Seismic PrecursorsThe Barry Landslide Hazard Davy, Gabrielle K., West, Michael E., Karasozen, Ezgi, Lyons, John J. Ice Velocity
Simulation-based inference of surface accumulation and basal melt rates of an Antarctic ice shelf from isochronal layers Moss, Guy, Visnjevic, Vjeran, Eisen, Olaf, Oraschewski, Falk M., Schroder, Cornelius, Macke, Jakob H., Drews, Reinhard Ice Velocity
Variability in ice shelf basal melting in the Amundsen Sea Embayment Meng, Xinyu, Liang, Qi, Li, Teng, Zheng, Lei, Cheng, Xiao Ice Velocity, Basins, Coastline, Grounding Line, Ice Shelves
Warm proglacial lake temperatures and thermal undercutting enhance rapid retreat of an Arctic glacier Dye, Adrian, Bryant, Robert, Falcini, Francesca, Mallalieu, Joseph, Dimbleby, Miles, Beckwith, Michael, Rippin, David, Kirchner, Nina Ice Velocity
Improved records of glacier flow instabilities using customized NASA autoRIFT (CautoRIFT) applied to PlanetScope imagery Liu, Jukes, Gendreau, Madeline, Enderlin, Ellyn Mary, Aberle, Rainey Ice Velocity
Glacier Fragmentation on the Southern Patagonian Icefield: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Upsala Glacier Lo Vecchio, Andres, Villalba, Ricardo, Falaschi, Daniel, Ruiz, Lucas, Vacaflor, Paulina, Vargas, Sofia Ice Velocity
Historical Ice Velocity Mapping of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, Using Landsat and KH-9 Hexagon Data Zhang, Peng, An, Lu, Li, Rongxing Ice Velocity
Potential to recover a record of Holocene climate and sea ice from Muller Ice Cap, Canada Lilien, David Armond, Nymand, Niels Fabrin, Gerber, Tamara Annina, Steinhage, Daniel, Jansen, Daniela, Thomson, Laura, Myers, Madeline, Franke, Steven, Taylor, Drew, Gogineni, Prasad, Lemes, Marcos, Vinther, Bo Mllese, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe Ice Velocity, RADAR IMAGERY, Sea Ice Elevation, Sea Ice Elevation
The Two-Decade Evolution of Antarctica's Hektoria Glacier and Its 2022 Fluegel, Bailey L., Walker, Catherine Ice Velocity, Glacier Elevation/Ice Sheet Elevation, Ice Roughness, RADAR IMAGERY, Sea Ice Elevation, Sea Ice Elevation, Glacier Elevation/Ice Sheet Elevation
The variation in basal channels and basal melt rates of Pine Island Ice Shelf Liu, Mingliang, Wang, Zemin, Zhang, Baojun, Song, Xiangyu, An, Jiachun Ice Velocity
Thickness of Ruth Glacier, Alaska, and depth of its Great Gorge from ice-penetrating radar and mass conservation Tober, Brandon S., Christoffersen, Michael S., Holt, John W., Truffer, Martin, Larsen, Christopher F. Ice Velocity, Glacier Topography/Ice Sheet Topography, RADAR IMAGERY
Topography and accumulation rate as controls of asynchronous surging behaviour in the eastern and western branches of the Western Kunlun Glacier, Northwestern ... Gao, Yongpeng, Liang, Pengbin, Qi, Miaomiao, Yao, Xiaojun, Ma, Xinggang, Mu, Jianxin, Li, Lintao Ice Velocity
The complex basal morphology and ice dynamics of the Nansen Ice Shelf, East Antarctica Dow, Christine F., Mueller, Derek, Wray, Peter, Friedrichs, Drew, Forrest, Alexander L., McInerney, Jasmin B., Greenbaum, Jamin, Blankenship, Donald D., Lee, Choon Ki, Lee, Won Sang Ice Velocity, Basins, Coastline, Grounding Line, Ice Shelves
Stream hydrology controls on ice cliff evolution and survival on debris-covered glaciers Petersen, Eric, Hock, Regine, Loso, Michael G. Terrain Elevation, Digital Elevation/Terrain Model (DEM), Topographical Relief Maps, Ice Velocity
Surface topography modelling and ice flow velocity mapping of Dalk Glacier, East Antarctica: application of UAV remote sensing Cao, Zheyi, Tang, Leyue, Yuan, Xiaohan, Qiao, Gang Ice Velocity
Validation of the Surface Velocity Field of Mountain Glaciers from Its_Live V2 with in Situ GPS Data Zhang, Jing, Lei, Yang, Charrier, Laurane, Dehecq, Amaury, Gardner, Alex S. Ice Velocity
Vertical bedrock shifts reveal summer water storage in Greenland ice sheet Ran, Jiangjun, Ditmar, Pavel, van den Broeke, Michiel R., Liu, Lin, Klees, Roland, Khan, Shfaqat Abbas, Moon, Twila, Li, Jiancheng, Bevis, Michael, Zhong, Min, Fettweis, Xavier, Liu, Junguo, Noel, Brice, Shum, C. K., Chen, Jianli, Jiang, Liming, van Dam, Tonie Ice Velocity
Impacts of tidewater glacier advance on iceberg habitat Kaluzienski, Lynn M., Amundson, Jason M., Womble, Jamie M., Bliss, Andrew K., Pearson, Linnea E. Ice Velocity
Evaluating the Retreat, Arrest, and Regrowth of Crane Glacier Against Marine Ice Cliff Process Models Needell, C., Holschuh, N. Ice Velocity, Glacier Elevation/Ice Sheet Elevation, Ice Roughness, Glacier Elevation/Ice Sheet Elevation
Incorporating Horizontal Density Variations Into LargeScale Modeling of Ice Masses Schelpe, Camilla A. O., Gudmundsson, G. Hilmar Ice Velocity
Comprehensive Radar Mapping of Malaspina Glacier (Sit'Tlein), AlaskaThe World's Largest Piedmont GlacierReveals Potential for Instability Tober, B. S., Holt, J. W., Christoffersen, M. S., Truffer, M., Larsen, C. F., Brinkerhoff, D. J., Mooneyham, S. A. Ice Velocity, Glacier Topography/Ice Sheet Topography, RADAR IMAGERY
Atlantic water intrusion triggers rapid retreat and regime change at previously stable Greenland glacier Chudley, T. R., Howat, I. M., King, M. D., Negrete, A. Ice Velocity, Bathymetry
Damage detection on antarctic ice shelves using the normalised radon transform Izeboud, Maaike, Lhermitte, Stef Ice Velocity
Topography reconstruction and evolution analysis of outlet glacier using data from unmanned aerial vehicles in Antarctica Qiao, Gang, Yuan, Xiaohan, Florinsky, Igor, Popov, Sergey, He, Youquan, Li, Hongwei Ice Velocity
Satellite record reveals 1960s acceleration of Totten Ice Shelf in East Antarctica Li, Rongxing, Cheng, Yuan, Chang, Tian, Gwyther, David E., Forbes, Martin, An, Lu, Xia, Menglian, Yuan, Xiaohan, Qiao, Gang, Tong, Xiaohua, Ye, Wenkai Ice Velocity
Mapping Samudra Tapu glacier: A holistic approach utilizing radar and optical remote sensing data for glacier radar facies mapping and velocity estimation Sood, Sahil, Thakur, Praveen K., Stein, Alfred, Garg, Vaibhav, Dixit, Ankur Ice Velocity
Empirical correction of systematic orthorectification error in Sentinel-2 velocity fields for Greenlandic outlet glaciers Chudley, Thomas R., Howat, Ian M., Yadav, Bidhyananda, Noh, Myoung-Jong Ice Velocity, Land Ice/Ocean Classification
Dynamic Evolution Modeling of a Lake-Terminating Glacier in the Western Yan, Zhan, Zhang, Tong, Wang, Yuzhe, Leng, Wei, Ding, Minghu, Zhang, Dongqi, Xiao, Cunde Ice Velocity
Fifty years of Landsat science and impacts Wulder, Michael A., Roy, David P., Radeloff, Volker C., Loveland, Thomas R., Anderson, Martha C., Johnson, David M., Healey, Sean, Zhu, Zhe, Scambos, Theodore A., Pahlevan, Nima, Hansen, Matthew, Gorelick, Noel, Crawford, Christopher J., Masek, Jeffrey G., Hermosilla, Txomin, White, Joanne C., Belward, Alan S., Schaaf, Crystal, Woodcock, Curtis E., Huntington, Justin L., Lymburner, Leo, Hostert, Patrick, Gao, Feng, Lyapustin, Alexei, Pekel, Jean-Francois, Strobl, Peter, Cook, Bruce D. Ice Velocity
Changes over the Last 35 Years in Alaska's Glaciated Landscape: A Novel Deep Learning Approach to Mapping Glaciers at Fine Temporal Granularity Roberts-Pierel, Ben M., Kirchner, Peter B., Kilbride, John B., Kennedy, Robert E. Ice Velocity
Analyzing spatial-temporal variability of ice motion in Northeast Greenland from 1985 to 2018 Lu, Xi, Jiang, Liming, Xiao, Cunde, Li, Daan Ice Velocity
Processing methodology for the ITS_LIVE Sentinel-1 ice velocity products Lei, Yang, Gardner, Alex S., Agram, Piyush Ice Velocity, Glacier Elevation/Ice Sheet Elevation
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