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Description
The Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Surface Emissivity (AST_05) is produced using the Temperature/Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm for the five Thermal Infrared (TIR) 90 meter bands, acquired during the day or night. The product comprises per-pixel emissivity measurements generated over land in addition to embedded metadata and quality assurance data planes.
Acquisitions for AST_05 ended on January 16, 2026, at 05:10:45 UTC, when the ASTER TIR instrument was permanently turned off due to power limitations on the Terra spacecraft. More information is available in this NASA Science News Brief.
Known Issues
Level 2 products that are on the international date line/anti-meridian have incorrect bounding coordinates for the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) zone defined in the file metadata.
Version Description
The following changes and improvements were implemented for ASTER Level 2 Version 4 data products: (1) ASTER V4 uses Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) data as the primary source for atmospheric parameters (ozone, water vapor, pressure, and temperature), improving the precision of emissivity calculations, (2) When MERRA-2 data are unavailable, the product employs Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data as a backup, with climatology data serving as a final fallback to ensure continuous processing, and (3) Data format has transitioned from legacy HDF-EOS2 to Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG).
Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC)
,
Ground Data System, Japan Space Systems, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry, Japan (JP/METI/AIST/JSS/GDS)
Concept ID
C3306858335-LPCLOUD
Data State
COMPLETE
Number of Files/Granules
4732917
Processing Level
2
Published
Updated
Science Keywords
Emissivity
Citation
Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.
Copy Citation
Citation Copied
NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team. (2025). ASTER L2 Surface Emissivity V004 [Data set]. NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.5067/ASTER/AST_05.004 Date Accessed: 2026-05-01
NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team. “ASTER L2 Surface Emissivity V004.” NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center, 2025. doi:10.5067/ASTER/AST_05.004. Date Accessed: 2026-05-01
NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team. ASTER L2 Surface Emissivity V004. NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center, 2025, doi:10.5067/ASTER/AST_05.004. Date Accessed: 2026-05-01
The file name begins with the Product Short Name (AST_05), followed by the 3-digit Version Number plus the Date and Time of Acquisition designated as MMDDYYYYHHMMSS (00401232021224404), Date and Time of Processing designated as YYYYMMDDHHMMSS (20250912131239), Product Type (SRE), Band Type (TIR), Band/Variable (B11), and the Data Format (tif).
The USGS EROS User Services team is offering an hour-long webinar to share the data, tools, and services available from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
Emissivity of agricultural soil attributes in southeastern Brazil via terrestrial and satellite sensors
Salazar, Diego F.U., Dematte, Jose A.M., Vicente, Luiz E., Guimaraes, Clecia C.B., Sayao, Veridiana M., Cerri, Carlos E.P., de C. Padilha, Manuela C., Mendes, Wanderson De S.
Emissivity
First comparisons of surface temperature estimations between ECOSTRESS, ASTER and landsat 8 over Italian volcanic and geothermal areas
Evaluation of an ASTER emissivity product with field spectral radiance measurements for natural surfaces
Tang, Bo-Hui, Li, Zhao-Liang
Emissivity
Evaluation of atmospheric correction methods for the ASTER temperature and emissivity separation algorithm using ground observation networks in the HiWATER experiment
Exploration of hydrothermal alteration and monitoring of thermal activity using multi-source satellite imagesA case study of the recently active Kirishima volcano complex on Kyushu Island, Japan
Mia, Md. Bodruddoza, Fujimitsu, Yasuhiro, Nishijima, Jun
Evaluation and aggregation properties of thermal Infra-Red-based evapotranspiration algorithms from 100 m to the km scale over a semi-arid irrigated agricultural area
An efficient approach for pixel decomposition to increase the spatial resolution of land surface temperature images from MODIS thermal infrared band data
The table below lists the variables contained within a single granule for this
dataset. Variables often contain observed or derived geophysical measurements
collected from a variety of sources, including remote sensing instruments on
satellite and airborne platforms, field campaigns, in situ measurements, and
model outputs. The terms variable, parameter, scientific data set, layer, and band
have been used across NASA’s Earth science disciplines; however, variable is the
designated nomenclature in NASA’s Common Metadata Repository (CMR).
Variable metadata attributes such as Name, Description, Units, Data Type, Fill
Value, Valid Range, and Scale Factor allow users to efficiently process and analyze
the data. The full range of attributes may not be applicable to all variables.
Additional information on variable attributes is typically available in the data,
user guide, and/or other product documentation.
For questions on a specific variable, please use the Earthdata Forum.
