Biosphere Data Access and Tools

NASA biosphere data range from surface reflectance data useful for measuring the greenness of vegetation to measurements of nighttime lights that disrupt the behaviors of wildlife. Our datasets and tools help researchers translate these interconnected data points into actionable knowledge.

Dataset	Geographic Region	Temporal Extent	Data Format	Potential Application Areas	Related Subtopics
ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Level 1 ScanSAR Product	Global	2014-08-01 to Present		Wide-area monitoring of land surface changes Regional vegetation and forest monitoring Large wetland area mapping and monitoring Continental-scale land use change detection Regional soil moisture assessment Broad geological feature identification	ecosystems, vegetation
ATLAS/ICESat-2 L2A Global Geolocated Photon Data V006	Global	2018-10-13 to Present	HDF5	Vegetation structure analysis High-precision elevation measurement Ground truth for other elevation datasets Fine-scale topographic change detection	vegetation
ATLAS/ICESat-2 L3A Land and Vegetation Height V006	Global	2018-10-14 to Present	HDF5	Precise forest canopy height mapping Biomass estimation and carbon stock assessment Habitat structure characterization Forest degradation and regrowth monitoring Urban tree canopy assessment Forest inventory support Vegetation structure biodiversity studies	vegetation
Daymet: Annual Climate Summaries on a 1-km Grid for North America, Version 4 R1	North America, Atlantic Ocean	1950-01-01 to 2023-12-31	GeoTiff	Ecological research on climate impacts Forest management and planning Wildlife habitat suitability modeling Disease vector habitat potential mapping Natural resource conservation planning	ecosystem, vegetation
ECOSTRESS Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Daily L2 Global 70m V001	Global Land	2018-07-09 to 2025-01-06	HDF5	Plant water stress detection at field scale High-resolution thermal mapping Microclimate analysis in complex landscapes Ecosystem function monitoring	vegetation
ECOSTRESS Tiled Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Instantaneous L2 Global 70 m	Global Land	2018-07-09 to Present	Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG)	Plant water stress monitoring Ecosystem thermodynamics research Environmental temperature extremes monitoring	vegetation
GEDI L2A Elevation and Height Metrics Data Global Footprint Level V002	Global Land	2019-04-04 to 2023-03-16 2024-04-04 to Present	HDF5	Forest canopy structure characterization Biomass estimation for carbon accounting Biodiversity habitat structure assessment Ecosystem structure monitoring Terrain model refinement under vegetation Carbon sequestration potential assessment	ecological dynamics, vegetation
GEDI L4A Footprint Level Aboveground Biomass Density, Version 2.1	Global	2019-04-17 to 2024-11-27	HDF5	Carbon stock assessment in forests Forest management planning Biodiversity habitat structure analysis Sustainable forestry certification support Forest degradation assessment Ecosystem service valuation	ecosystems, terrestrial ecosystems, vegetation
GEDI L4C Footprint Level Waveform Structural Complexity Index, Version 2	Global	2019-04-17 to 2023-03-16	Binary	Habitat complexity analysis for biodiversity Old-growth forest identification Forest succession stage mapping Wildlife habitat quality assessment Forest management impact evaluation Forest restoration planning Canopy architecture research	ecosystems, terrestrial ecosystems, vegetation
Global Aboveground and Belowground Biomass Carbon Density Maps for the Year 2010	Global Land	2010-01-01 to 2010-12-31	GeoTIFF	Global carbon stock accounting Forest conservation priority setting Carbon offset project development Ecosystem service valuation Land use policy development Biodiversity conservation planning	ecosystems, ecological dynamics, vegetation
HLS Landsat Operational Land Imager Surface Reflectance and TOA Brightness Daily Global 30m v2.0	Global	2013-04-11 to Present	Cloud Optimized GeoTiff (COG)	Land cover and land use change monitoring Forest disturbance detection Ecosystem service assessment Environmental impact monitoring	vegetation
HLS Sentinel-2 Multi-spectral Instrument Surface Reflectance Daily Global 30m v2.0	Global	2013-04-11 to Present	Cloud Optimized GeoTiff (COG)	High temporal frequency vegetation monitoring Forest health assessment Biodiversity and habitat monitoring	vegetation
MAIAC Daily V01	Global	2015-06-13 to Present	PNG	Enhanced retrieval of surface reflectance for vegetation studies	vegetation
MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid	Global	2000-02-24 to Present	HDF-EOS2	Climate model validation for land surface processes Wildlife habitat thermal condition assessment Land surface process energy balance studies	ecological dynamics
MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance Daily L2G Global 250m SIN Grid V061	Global	2000-02-24 to Present	HDF-EOS2	Vegetation condition monitoring Land cover change detection Drought impact evaluation on vegetation	vegetation
SENTINEL-1A_SLC	Global	2014-04-03 to Present		Interferometric analysis for surface deformation detection Coherence-based change detection Phase-based classification of land cover Development of advanced SAR processing algorithms Time-series analysis for subtle change detection	terrestrial ecosystems
SENTINEL-1B_DUAL_POL_GRD_HIGH_RES	Global	2016-04-25 to 2021-12-24		Forest disturbance monitoring Land subsidence detection in urban areas	terrestrial ecosystems, vegetation
SENTINEL-1B_SLC	Global	2016-04-25 to 2021-12-24		Complex coherence analysis for vegetation structure Time-series analysis for seasonal change patterns	terrestrial ecosystems, vegetation
VIIRS/JPSS1 Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1km SIN Grid Day V002	Global	2018-01-01 to Present	HDF-EOS5	Daily thermal environment monitoring Ecological habitat thermal characterization	ecological dynamics
VIIRS/NPP Burned Area Monthly L4 Global 500m SIN Grid V002	Global	2012-03-01 to Present	HDF-EOS5	Ecosystem disturbance tracking Protected area management Forest management and restoration planning Biodiversity impact assessment after fires	ecological dynamics, vegetation
VIIRS/JPSS1 Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid Day	Global	2018-01-01 to Present	HDF-EOS5	Climate change impact studies on land surface Wildlife habitat thermal condition assessment	ecological dynamics

Biosphere Datasets

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Dataset Sort descending	Version	Platform	Instrument	Temporal Extent	Spatial Extent	Spatial Resolution	Data Format
The ABCflux Database: Arctic-Boreal CO2 Flux and Site Environmental Data, 1989-2020	1	MODELS, FIELD SURVEYS, METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS, FIXED OBSERVATION STATIONS	Computer, PROBES, THERMOMETERS, GAS SENSORS	1989-12-01 to 2020-09-30	N: 82.8225 S: 48.2167 E: 161.55 W: -165.62		CSV
The ARID Scoping Study Final Report	1.1	FIELD INVESTIGATION, AIRCRAFT	SURVEYING TOOLS, AVIRIS, MASTER, UAVSAR	2023-05-01 to 2032-12-31	N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180		multiple
The PANGEA Scoping Study Final Report	1.1	AIRCRAFT, FIELD INVESTIGATION	LVIS, AVIRIS, UAVSAR, SURVEYING TOOLS	2023-05-01 to 2032-12-31	N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180		PDF
Tidal Wetland Soil Carbon Stocks for the Conterminous United States, 2006-2010	1	MODELS, FIELD SURVEYS	Computer, CARBON ANALYZERS	2006-01-01 to 2010-12-31	N: 48.2372 S: 22.7286 E: -65.2711 W: -127.966		multiple
Tidal Wetlands Soil Organic Carbon and Estuarine Characteristics, USA, 1972-2015	1	MODELS, FIELD SURVEYS	Computer	1972-01-01 to 2015-12-31	N: 47.8222 S: 25.1873 E: -67.0547 W: -124.385		CSV
Timber Measurements (OTTER)	1	FIELD INVESTIGATION	CLINOMETERS, STEEL MEASURING TAPE, VISUAL OBSERVATIONS	1990-08-01 to 1990-08-01	N: 45.05 S: 44.29 E: -121.33 W: -123.92		multiple
Timeseries of Arctic-Boreal Lake Area Derived from CubeSat Imagery, 2017	1	SATELLITES	CAMERA	2017-05-01 to 2017-10-01	N: 70.3105 S: 52.8149 E: -89.8193 W: -149.699		multiple
TMI/TRMM surface soil moisture (LPRM) L2 V001 (LPRM_TMI_SOILM2) at GES DISC	001	TRMM	TMI	1997-12-07 to 2015-04-08	N: 40 S: -40 E: 180 W: -180	45 Kilometers x 45 Kilometers
TMI/TRMM surface soil moisture (LPRM) L3 1 day 25 km x 25 km daytime V001 (LPRM_TMI_DY_SOILM3) at GES DISC	001	TRMM	TMI	1997-12-07 to 2015-04-08	N: 40 S: -40 E: 180 W: -180	25 Kilometers x 25 Kilometers
TMI/TRMM surface soil moisture (LPRM) L3 1 day 25 km x 25 km nighttime V001 (LPRM_TMI_NT_SOILM3) at GES DISC	001	TRMM	TMI	1997-12-07 to 2015-04-08	N: 40 S: -40 E: 180 W: -180	25 Kilometers x 25 Kilometers
Total Leaf Tissue Water Potential (FIFE)	1	FIELD INVESTIGATION	VISUAL OBSERVATIONS, PRESSURE CHAMBERS	1988-06-01 to 1989-08-12	N: 39.09 S: 39.05 E: -96.54 W: -96.59		multiple
Tower-based PhotoSpec Products for the 2019 and 2020 Spring Transition Season, SK, CA	1	FIELD INVESTIGATION	SPECTROMETERS	2019-03-20 to 2020-06-26	N: 53.98 S: 53.97 E: -105.11 W: -105.12		CSV
Tree Canopy Cover for the Circumpolar Taiga-Tundra Ecotone: 2000-2005	1	Terra	MODIS	2000-01-01 to 2005-12-31	N: 70 S: 50 E: 180 W: -180		Shapefile
Tree Cover Estimates at 30 m Resolution for Mexico, 2016-2018	1	LANDSAT-5, Airplane, Aqua, LANDSAT-8, Models	MSS, CAMERAS, MODIS, OLI, Computer	2016-01-01 to 2018-12-31	N: 32.7192 S: 14.5333 E: -86.7008 W: -118.404		COG
Tree Inventory and Biometry Measurements, Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil, 2010	1	FIELD SURVEYS, COMPUTERS	STEEL MEASURING TAPE, Computer	2010-08-31 to 2010-09-16	N: -2.8603 S: -3.1529 E: -54.9488 W: -54.9857		multiple
Tree Mortality from Fires and Bark Beetles at 1-km Resolution, Western USA, 2003-2012	1.1	FIELD SURVEYS, Airplane, COMPUTERS, SATELLITES	VISUAL OBSERVATIONS, Computer, QUICKBIRD/BHRC-60	2003-01-01 to 2012-12-31	N: 52.0938 S: 28.4705 E: -100.538 W: -130.435		GeoTIFF
Trends of Thermal, Wetness, and Vegetative Change in the Circumpolar Arctic	1	COMPUTERS	Computer	1980-01-01 to 2020-12-31	N: 90 S: 30 E: 180 W: -180		multiple
Tundra Plant Leaf-level Spectral Reflectance and Chlorophyll Fluorescence, 2019-2021	1	FIELD SURVEYS	SPECTROMETERS	2019-07-19 to 2021-09-30	N: 71.313 S: 64.826 E: -147.811 W: -156.599		CSV
Tundra Plant Reflectance, CO2 Exchange, PAM Fluorometry, and Pigments, AK, 2001-2002	1	FIELD SURVEYS	FLUOROMETERS, INFRARED THERMOMETERS, SPECTROMETERS	2001-06-08 to 2002-08-16	N: 71.32 S: 70.453 E: -156.598 W: -157.407		CSV
UAVSAR Polarimetric Products for ABoVE Wetland Sites, Peace-Athabasca Delta, Canada	1	G-III	UAVSAR	2017-06-13 to 2022-08-16	N: 59.4366 S: 57.5914 E: -111.172 W: -111.608		COG
Understory Vegetation Biomass from Selected Burned and Unburned sites in Alaska	1	FIELD SURVEYS	SURVEYING TOOLS	2016-08-09 to 2018-07-11	N: 68.991 S: 63.8799 E: -146.558 W: -150.28		CSV
Urban Biogenic CO2 fluxes: GPP, Reco and NEE Estimates from SMUrF, 2010-2019	1	MODELS, SATELLITES	Computer, MODIS	2010-01-01 to 2019-12-31	N: 60 S: -40 E: 155 W: -125		netCDF-4 classic
Urban Land Cover Maps for Mekelle, Ethiopia and Polokwane, South Africa, 2020	1	PlanetScope, WORLDVIEW-3	PSB.SD, WV110	2020-01-01 to 2020-12-31	N: 13.5692 S: -23.9404 E: 39.5708 W: 29.3151		multiple
Vegetation and Open Water High-Resolution Maps for Selected US Tidal Marshes, 2015	1	LANDSAT-7, LANDSAT-8, AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS, LANDSAT-5	ETM+, OLI, CAMERA, TMS	2013-09-25 to 2015-08-27	N: 47.1174 S: 24.9166 E: -69.9267 W: -122.733		Shapefile
Vegetation Biophysical Data (FIFE)	1	FIELD INVESTIGATION, LABORATORY	LICOR LEAF AREA METER, INCLINOMETERS, BALANCE	1987-05-26 to 1989-08-18	N: 39.12 S: 38.98 E: -96.45 W: -96.61		multiple

VIIRS

Vegetation indices measure the amount of green vegetation over a given area and can be used to assess vegetation health. A commonly-used vegetation index is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which uses the difference between near-infrared (NIR) and red reflectance divided by their sum. NDVI values range from -1 to 1. Low values of NDVI generally correspond to barren areas of rock, sand, exposed soils, or snow, while higher NDVI values indicate greener vegetation, including forests, croplands, and wetlands.

VIIRS Vegetation Indices on Earthdata Search

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Biosphere Data Access and Tools

Commonly Used Datasets for Applications in the Biosphere

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