SOLAR Irradiance taken during the FIRE Campaign

FIRE

First ISCCP Regional Experiment

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The First ISCCP Regional Experiment was a series of field missions that collected cirrus and marine stratocumulus cloud parameters from aircraft, satellite and surface-based measurements.

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FIRE I Cirrus took place from 13 October through 2 November 1986 in the upper Midwest USA centered on Madison, Wisconsin. The experiment area extended from about 30N to 55N latitude and from 80W to 125W longitude.

Platforms	Instruments
T-39	PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS PYRANOMETERS HYGROMETERS GUST PROBES
ER-2	Radiometers
King Air B-200	PYRANOMETERS HYGROMETERS GUST PROBES Background Radiometric Temperature Sensors (BRTS) CLOUD LIQUID WATER PROBE THERMOMETERS PHOTOMETERS RADIOMETERS
Field Campaign Ground Site	LIDAR Pyrgeometer Pyranometers
Balloons	Rawinsondes
Satellites	Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR) RADIOMETERS Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer-2 TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder

FIRE Marine Stratus took place from 30 June through 19 July 1987 off the southwest coast of California. The experiment area extended from about 25N to 50N latitude and from 115W to 160W longitude.

Platforms	Instruments
Field Campaign Ground Site	CEILOMETERS MICROWAVE RADIOMETER Pyranometers Pyrgeometers Psychrometers Radiometers Sound Detection and Ranging C-LORAN Atmospheric Sounding System (CLASS) RADIOSONDES WIND PROFILERS
Balloons	Rawinsondes PSYCHROMETERS
NCAR Electra	PARTICLE DETECTORS ALTIMETERS AEROSOL MONITOR TEMPERATURE SENSORS WIND MONITOR Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) GUST PROBES Hotwire Liquid Water Content Sensor HYGROMETERS LIDAR Particle Measuring System (PMS) PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS Precision Radiation Thermometers (PRT) PYRANOMETERS Pyrgeometer VIDEO CAMERA
ER-2	LIDAR
C-130	PYRANOMETERS Pyrgeometer RADIOMETERS THERMOMETERS
Satellites	Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR) RADIOMETERS Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer-2 (AVHRR-2)

FIRE II Cirrus took place from 13 November through 7 December 1991 in the central USA, centered on Kansas. The experiment area extended from about 20N to 50N latitude and from 75W to 125W longitude.

Platforms	Instruments
Airplane	Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) CHEMILUMINESCENCE HYGROMETERS WIND MONITOR Hotwire Liquid Water Content Sensor ROSEMOUNT ICING DETECTOR PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS TEMPERATURE PROBES Thermometers Particle Measuring Systems 2D-C Probe Particle Measuring Systems 2D-P Probe Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP)
NASA WB-57F	Reversing Thermometer (RT) PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS Particle Measuring System (PMS) CLOUD LIQUID WATER PROBE THERMOMETERS
Balloons	Rawinsondes
Field Campaign Ground Sites	Precision Radiation Thermometers (PRT) BOLOMETERS PYRANOMETERS PYRHELIOMETERS Wind Profilers LIDAR Radio Detection and Ranging DOPPLER RADAR Stratospheric Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer (SIRIS) High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) Volume Imaging Lidar (VIL)
ER-2	LIDAR MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) High Resolution Interferometer Sounder (HIS)
Satellites	Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR) RADIOMETERS Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Computer
King Air B-200	GUST PROBES Hotwire Liquid Water Content Sensor HYGROMETERS PHOTOMETERS Particle Measuring Systems 2D-C Probe Particle Measuring Systems 2D-P Probe Precision Radiation Thermometers PYRANOMETERS Pyrgeometer RADIOMETERS Particle Measuring System (PMS)
T-39	PYRANOMETERS Pyrgeometer HYGROMETERS GUST PROBES RADIOMETERS

The Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) took place from 1 June through 25 June 1992 off the northwest coast of Africa near the Azores, Madeira, and Canary Island groups. The experiment area extended from 10N to 45N latitude and 40W to 10E longitude.

Platforms	Instruments
ER-2	MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) LIDAR
Buoys	Accelerometers Hydrophones RADIOMETERS ANEMOMETERS BATHYTHERMOGRAPHS HUMIDITY SENSORS
Balloons	Radiosondes Rawinsondes
Ships	Thermistors Radiometers BAROMETERS PRESSURE GAUGES ANEMOMETERS PYRANOMETERS SPECTROMETERS MASS SPECTROMETERS GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) BAROMETERS RAIN GAUGES PYRANOMETERS ANEMOMETERS Salinity, Temperature, Depth (STD) THERMISTORS THERMOMETERS SPECTROMETERS CEILOMETERS RAIN GAUGES HYGROMETERS WIND PROFILERS
C-130	PYRANOMETERS Precision Radiation Thermometers (PRT) HYGROMETERS Particle Measuring System (PMS) GUST PROBES CLOUD LIQUID WATER PROBE RADIOMETERS THERMOMETERS
C-131A	PYRANOMETERS HYGROMETERS RADIOMETERS THERMOMETERS SPECTROMETERS GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS ION CHROMATOGRAPHS THERMOMETERS
Field Campaign Ground Sites	Ceilometers PYRANOMETERS ANEMOMETERS WIND PROFILERS MICROWAVE RADIOMETER (MR) RADIOMETERS
Fokker F27	RADIOMETERS DOPPLER RADAR Hotwire Liquid Water Content Sensor HYGROMETERS Radiance Research Nephelometer Optical Particle Counter (OPC) PYRANOMETERS Pyrgeometer SPECTROMETERS WIND MONITOR HYGROMETERS TEMPERATURE SENSORS HUMIDITY SENSORS
Satellites	Multispectral Imaging Radiometer (MSIR) Millimeter Imaging Radiometer (MIR) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Radiometers RADAR ALTIMETERS MICROWAVE RADIOMETER SCATTEROMETERS IMAGING RADIOMETERS Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer-2

Platforms	Instruments
C-130	Radiation Measurement System (RAMS) Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber (CFDC)
Ships	Solar Spectral Flux Radiometers (SSFR)
ER-2	Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) Millimeter Imaging Radiometer (MIR)
Balloons	COMPASSES Radiation Thermocouple Actinometer ANEMOMETERS THERMISTORS
Field Campaign Ground Site	Pyrgeometer THERMISTORS
Convair CV-580	Gerber Particulate Volume Monitor PVM-100A Nevzorov Liquid Water Content and Total Water Content Probe Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe LI-Cor Gas Analyzer Generic Chemistry Related Sensors Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer Probe Condensation Particle Counter Cloud Particle Imager Chemiluminescence Cloud Absorption Radiometer Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer Counterflow Virtual Impactor Condensation Nuclei Counter Meteorological Services of Canada Lidar Ka-Band Radar King Liquid Water Probe Particle Soot Absorption Photometer Nephelometer 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe

Platform	Instrument
Field Campaign Ground Site	LIDAR

Radiosonde	Radiosondes are balloon-borne instruments used to measure meteorological data.
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)	The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) acquires measurements of temperature, cloud cover, snow and ice cover, soil moisture, and others.
Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR)	MIR was a passive airborne cross-track scanning radiometer that measured brightness temperature across nine channels and was used for clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor studies.
MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS)	The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) was developed for NASA’s ER-2 research aircraft to support MODIS remote sensing algorithm development.

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