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Description

This data set represents a refined set of global net primary productivity (NPP) estimates and model driver data that are the results of the Ecosystem Model-Data Intercomparison (EMDI) workshop review and outlier analyses undertaken to assess the accuracy of global model forecasts of terrestrial carbon cycling. EMDI builds upon the accomplishments of the original worldwide synthesis of NPP measurements and associated model driver data prepared by the Global Primary Production Data Initiative (GPPDI) (Olson et al., 2001; 2013). The EMDI review and analyses produced NPP, climate, NDVI, land cover, vegetation, and soil data for a sub-set of GPPDI data: 81 Class A sites, 933 Class B sites, and 3,855 Class C 0.5-degree cell grids. Class A sites represent well-documented study sites that have complete above- and below-ground NPP measurements. Class B sites represent more numerous extensive sites with less documentation and site-specific information available. Class C cells represent estimates of NPP for 0.5-degree grid cells for which inventory, modeling, or remote-sensing tools were used to scale up the point measurements.

The data files are in comma-separated-value (.csv) format:
• 18 data files for Class A sites which includes 12 comma-separated files (.csv) and six compressed files (.zip)
• 11 data files for Class B sites in comma-separated format (.csv).
•9 data files for Class C grid cells in comma-separated format (.csv).

This document and a companion file (Olson et al., 2001) describe the compilation of NPP estimates under the GPPDI and the EMDI review and outlier analyses that produced this refined set of NPP estimates and model driver data.

Revision Notes: This data set has been revised to correct previously reported NPP estimates for three OTTER Transect sites, USA, in the Class A NPP data file. Please see the Data Set Revisions section of this document for detailed information.

Product Summary

Platforms
FIELD INVESTIGATION
Instruments
BALANCE ,
STEEL MEASURING TAPE ,
QUADRATS ,
CORING DEVICES ,
VISUAL OBSERVATIONS
Spatial Extent

N: 75.5 S: -49.75 E: 179.5 W: -151.92

Coordinate System
CARTESIAN
Granule Spatial Representation
CARTESIAN
Temporal Extent
1901-01-01 to 1996-08-01
Data Partner
THE OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY (ORNL) DISTRIBUTED ACTIVE ARCHIVE CENTER (DAAC) (ORNL_DAAC)
Concept ID
C2751948807-ORNL_CLOUD
Data State
COMPLETE
Number of Files/Granules
38
Processing Level
3
Published
Updated
Science Keywords
Biomass Dynamics ,
Primary Production ,
Biomass

Citation

Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.

Copy Citation

Olson, R. J., Scurlock, J. M. O., Prince, S. D., Zheng, D. L., & Johnson, K. R. (2013). NPP Multi-Biome: NPP and Driver Data for Ecosystem Model-data Intercomparison, R2 (Version 3). ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/615 Date Accessed: 2026-05-04

Documents

Publications Citing This Dataset

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Title Year Author Topic
Estimation and Climate Impact Analysis of Terrestrial Vegetation Net Primary Productivity in China from 2001 to 2020 Chen, Zhaotong, Chen, Jiangping, Xu, Gang, Sha, Zongyao, Yin, Jianhua, Li, Zijian Photosynthesis, Primary Production, VEGETATION PRODUCTIVITY, Biomass Dynamics, Biomass
Impact of changes in climate and CO2 on the carbon storage potential of vegetation under limited water availability using SEIB-DGVM version 3.02 Tong, Shanlin, Wang, Weiguang, Chen, Jie, Xu, Chong-Yu, Sato, Hisashi, Wang, Guoqing Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Above-and belowground biomass allocation and its regulation by plant density in six common grassland species in China Sun, Yuanfeng, Wang, Yupin, Yan, Zhengbing, He, Luoshu, Ma, Suhui, Feng, Yuhao, Su, Haojie, Chen, Guoping, Feng, Yinping, Ji, Chengjun, Shen, Haihua, Fang, Jingyun Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass, Forest Composition/Vegetation Structure
Global patterns and climatic drivers of above-and belowground net primary productivity in grasslands Sun, Yuanfeng, Yang, Yuanhe, Zhao, Xia, Tang, Zhiyao, Wang, Shaopeng, Fang, Jingyun Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Decadal change and inter-annual variability of net primary productivity on the Tibetan Plateau Cuo, Lan, Zhang, Yongxin, Xu-Ri, Zhou, Bingrong Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Effects of 21st-century climate, land use, and disturbances on ecosystem carbon balance in California Sleeter, Benjamin M., Marvin, David C., Cameron, D. Richard, Selmants, Paul C., Westerling, A.LeRoy, Kreitler, Jason, Daniel, Colin J., Liu, Jinxun, Wilson, Tamara S. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Human appropriated net primary productivity of complex mosaic landscapes Moore, Christine, Morel, Alexandra C., Asare, Rebecca Ashley, Adu Sasu, Michael, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Malhi, Yadvinder Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Measured estimates of semi-natural terrestrial NPP in Great Britain: comparison with modelled values, and dependence on atmospheric nitrogen deposition Tipping, Edward, Davies, Jessica A. C., Henrys, Peter A., Jarvis, Susan G., Rowe, Edwin C., Smart, Simon M., Le Duc, Michael G., Marrs, Robert H., Pakeman, Robin J. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
A Bayesian ensemble data assimilation to constrain model parameters and land-use carbon emissions Lienert, Sebastian, Joos, Fortunat Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass, Vegetation Index, Evergreen Vegetation, Dominant Species, Deciduous Vegetation, Carbon, Forests, Ecosystem Functions, Precipitation Amount, Cloud Frequency, Evaporation, Air Temperature, Solar Radiation, Longwave Radiation, Forest Management, Vegetation Species, Land Management, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Texture, Terrain Elevation
Non-uniform time-lag effects of terrestrial vegetation responses to asymmetric warming Wen, Youyue, Liu, Xiaoping, Pei, Fengsong, Li, Xia, Du, Guoming Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
20th century changes in carbon isotopes and water-use efficiency: tree-ring-based evaluation of the CLM4. 5 and LPX-Bern models Keller, Kathrin M., Lienert, Sebastian, Bozbiyik, Anil, Stocker, Thomas F., Churakova (Sidorova), Olga V., Frank, David C., Klesse, Stefan, Koven, Charles D., Leuenberger, Markus, Riley, William J., Saurer, Matthias, Siegwolf, Rolf, Weigt, Rosemarie B., Joos, Fortunat Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Assessing the spatiotemporal dynamic of global grassland carbon use efficiency in response to climate change from 2000 to 2013 Yang, Yue, Wang, Zhaoqi, Li, Jianlong, Gang, Chencheng, Zhang, Yanzhen, Odeh, Inakwu, Qi, Jiaguo Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
The Fire Modeling Intercomparison Project (FireMIP), phase 1: Experimental and analytical protocols with detailed model descriptions Rabin, Sam S., Melton, Joe R., Lasslop, Gitta, Bachelet, Dominique, Forrest, Matthew, Hantson, Stijn, Kaplan, Jed O., Li, Fang, Mangeon, Stephane, Ward, Daniel S., Yue, Chao, Arora, Vivek K., Hickler, Thomas, Kloster, Silvia, Knorr, Wolfgang, Nieradzik, Lars, Spessa, Allan, Folberth, Gerd A., Sheehan, Tim, Voulgarakis, Apostolos, Kelley, Douglas I., Prentice, I. Colin, Sitch, Stephen, Harrison, Sandy, Arneth, Almut Nitrogen Dioxide, Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Optimal stomatal behaviour under stochastic rainfall Lu, Yaojie, Duursma, Remko A., Medlyn, Belinda E. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
The sensitivity of models of gross primary productivity to meteorological and leaf area forcing: A comparison between a Penman-Monteith ecophysiological approach and the MODIS Light-Use Efficiency algorithm Alton, Paul B. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Transient Earth system responses to cumulative carbon dioxide emissions: linearities, uncertainties, and probabilities in an observation-constrained model ensemble Steinacher, M., Joos, F. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass, Carbon, Nitrogen, Soil Water Holding Capacity, Soil Bulk Density, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Horizons/Profile
A comparison of plot-based satellite and Earth system model estimates of tropical forest net primary production Cleveland, Cory C., Taylor, Philip, Chadwick, K. Dana, Dahlin, Kyla, Doughty, Christopher E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Smith, W. Kolby, Sullivan, Benjamin W., Wieder, William R., Townsend, Alan R. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Biomass burning related ozone damage on vegetation over the Amazon forest: a model sensitivity study Pacifico, F., Folberth, G. A., Sitch, S., Haywood, J. M., Rizzo, L. V., Malavelle, F. F., Artaxo, P. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Evaluation and improvement of a global land model against soil carbon Hararuk, Oleksandra, Xia, Jianyang, Luo, Yiqi Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass, Carbon, Nitrogen, Soil Water Holding Capacity, Soil Bulk Density, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Horizons/Profile
Biogeophysical feedbacks enhance the Arctic terrestrial carbon sink in regional Earth system dynamics Zhang, W., Jansson, C., Miller, P. A., Smith, B., Samuelsson, P. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass, Vegetation Index, Vegetation Cover, Vegetation Index, Deciduous Vegetation, Reflectance, Optical Depth/Thickness
Convergence of terrestrial plant production across global climate gradients Michaletz, Sean T., Cheng, Dongliang, Kerkhoff, Andrew J., Enquist, Brian J. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Spatial and temporal variations in ecosystem response to monsoon Forzieri, Giovanni, Feyen, Luc, Cescatti, Alessandro, Vivoni, Enrique R. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Inter-annual variability and climate control of terrestrial net primary productivity over India Nayak, R. K., Patel, N. R., Dadhwal, V. K. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
From site-level to global simulation: Reconciling carbon, water and energy fluxes over different spatial scales using a process-based ecophysiological land-surface model Alton, Paul B. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
The climate dependence of the terrestrial carbon cycle, including parameter and structural uncertainties Smith, M. J., Purves, D. W., Vanderwel, M. C., Lyutsarev, V., Emmott, S. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass, Soil Porosity, Carbon, Organic Matter, Soil Chemistry, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Ph, Nitrogen, Soil Water Holding Capacity, Soil Bulk Density, Soil Classification, Soil Horizons/Profile, Vegetation Cover
Sensitivity and uncertainty of modelled terrestrial net primary productivity to doubled CO<SUB>2</SUB> and associated climate change for a relatively large perturbed physics ensemble Hemming, Deborah, Betts, Richard, Collins, Matthew Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Model Estimates of the Land and Ocean Contributions to Biospheric Carbon and Water Fluxes Using MODIS Satellite Data Alton, Paul B., Bodin, Per E. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Regulation of animal size by eNPP, Bergmann's rule and related phenomena Huston, Michael A., Wolverton, Steve Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Biometric and eddy-covariance based estimates of carbon fluxes in an age-sequence of temperate pine forests Peichl, Matthias, Brodeur, Jason J., Khomik, Myroslava, Arain, M. Altaf Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Systematic assessment of terrestrial biogeochemistry in coupled climatecarbon models RANDERSON, JAMES T., HOFFMAN, FORREST M., THORNTON, PETER E., MAHOWALD, NATALIE M., LINDSAY, KEITH, LEE, YENHUEI, NEVISON, CYNTHIA D., DONEY, SCOTT C., BONAN, GORDON, STOCKLI, RETO, COVEY, CURTIS, RUNNING, STEVEN W., FUNG, INEZ Y. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Global Potential Net Primary Production Predicted from Vegetation Class, Precipitation, and Temperature Del Grosso, Stephen, Parton, William, Stohlgren, Thomas, Zheng, Daolan, Bachelet, Dominique, Prince, Stephen, Hibbard, Kathy, Olson, Richard Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
CO<SUB>2</SUB> balance of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests derived from a global database LUYSSAERT, S., INGLIMA, I., JUNG, M., RICHARDSON, A. D., REICHSTEIN, M., PAPALE, D., PIAO, S. L., SCHULZE, E. D., WINGATE, L., MATTEUCCI, G., ARAGAO, L., AUBINET, M., BEER, C., BERNHOFER, C., BLACK, K. G., BONAL, D., BONNEFOND, J. M., CHAMBERS, J., CIAIS, P., COOK, B., DAVIS, K. J., DOLMAN, A. J., GIELEN, B., GOULDEN, M., GRACE, J., GRANIER, A., GRELLE, A., GRIFFIS, T., GRUNWALD, T., GUIDOLOTTI, G., HANSON, P. J., HARDING, R., HOLLINGER, D. Y., HUTYRA, L. R., KOLARI, P., KRUIJT, B., KUTSCH, W., LAGERGREN, F., LAURILA, T., LAW, B. E., LE MAIRE, G., LINDROTH, A., LOUSTAU, D., MALHI, Y., MATEUS, J., MIGLIAVACCA, M., MISSON, L., MONTAGNANI, L., MONCRIEFF, J., MOORS, E., MUNGER, J. W., NIKINMAA, E., OLLINGER, S. V., PITA, G., REBMANN, C., ROUPSARD, O., SAIGUSA, N., SANZ, M. J., SEUFERT, G., SIERRA, C., SMITH, M. L., TANG, J., VALENTINI, R., VESALA, T., JANSSENS, I. A. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass, Soil Classification, Soil Chemistry, Soil Bulk Density, Nitrogen, Carbon, Soil Horizons/Profile, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Water Holding Capacity
The human footprint in the carbon cycle of temperate and boreal forests Magnani, Federico, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Borghetti, Marco, Berbigier, Paul, Berninger, Frank, Delzon, Sylvain, Grelle, Achim, Hari, Pertti, Jarvis, Paul G., Kolari, Pasi, Kowalski, Andrew S., Lankreijer, Harry, Law, Beverly E., Lindroth, Anders, Loustau, Denis, Manca, Giovanni, Moncrieff, John B., Rayment, Mark, Tedeschi, Vanessa, Valentini, Riccardo, Grace, John Nitrogen Compounds, Nitrogen Oxides, Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass, Carbon, Nitrogen, Soil Water Holding Capacity, Soil Bulk Density, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Horizons/Profile
Interannual variability in global biomass burning emissions from 1997 to 2004 van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Giglio, L., Collatz, G. J., Kasibhatla, P. S., Arellano, A. F. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Closing the global radiocarbon budget 1945-2005 Naegler, Tobias, Levin, Ingeborg Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Sensitivity of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) terrestrial primary production to the accuracy of meteorological reanalyses Zhao, Maosheng, Running, Steven W., Nemani, Ramakrishna R. Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
A comprehensive global three-dimensional model of <SUP>18</SUP>O in atmospheric CO<SUB>2</SUB>: 1. Validation of surface processes Cuntz, Matthias, Ciais, Philippe, Hoffmann, Georg, Knorr, Wolfgang Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
Using equation discovery to revise an Earth ecosystem model of the carbon net production Todorovski, Ljupco, Dzeroski, Saso, Langley, Pat, Potter, Christopher Biomass Dynamics, Primary Production, Biomass
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