N: 40 S: -40 E: 180 W: -180
Description
This Level 1 (L1) dataset contains the Version 1.0 Climate Data Record (CDR) of the geo-located Delay Doppler Maps (DDMs) calibrated into Power Received (Watts) and Bistatic Radar Cross Section (BRCS) expressed in units of m2 from the Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument aboard the CYGNSS satellite constellation. Other useful scientific and engineering measurement parameters include the DDM of Normalized Bistatic Radar Cross Section (NBRCS), the Delay Doppler Map Average (DDMA) of the NBRCS near the specular reflection point, and the Leading Edge Slope (LES) of the integrated delay waveform. The L1 dataset contains a number of other engineering and science measurement parameters, including sets of quality flags/indicators, error estimates, and bias estimates as well as a variety of orbital, spacecraft/sensor health, timekeeping, and geolocation parameters. At most, 8 netCDF data files (each file corresponding to a unique spacecraft in the CYGNSS constellation) are provided each day; under nominal conditions, there are typically 6-8 spacecraft retrieving data each day, but this can be maximized to 8 spacecraft under special circumstances in which higher than normal retrieval frequency is needed (i.e., during tropical storms and or hurricanes). Latency is approximately 2 months, depending on the availability of the MERRA wind speed reanalysis. The Version 1.0 CDR represents the first climate-quality release and is a collection of reanalysis products derived from the v2.1 Level 1 data. Calibration accuracy and long term stability are improved relative to the SDR v2.1 using a new trackwise correction algorithm which constrains the average value of the L1 data using MERRA-2 reanalysis wind speeds. Details of the algorithm are provide in the Trackwise Corrected CDR Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document. The CDR exhibits improved calibration accuracy and stability over v2.1. Trackwise correction is applied to the two primary CYGNSS L1 science data products the normalized bistatic radar cross section (NBRCS) and the leading edge slope of the Doppler-integrated delay waveform (LES). The correction compensates for variations in the transmit power level of the GPS signals measured by the CYGNSS bistatic radar receivers. By comparison, the v2.1 SDR L1 algorithm assumes a constant GPS transmit power, and variations in it can be misinterpreted as variations in the L1 data and in subsequent L2 science data products derived from them. The GPS constellation consists of several different satellite models (a.k.a. block types) and the level of transmit power variation differs between them. The more recent Block IIF models (which account for ~37% of the GPS constellation) have significantly larger variations than the older models and, for this reason, they have been screened out and not used to produce v2.1 L2 or L3 science data products. Trackwise correction eliminates the need for this screening so CDR L2 and L3 data products now include Block IIF samples. It should be noted that the trackwise correction algorithm cannot be successfully applied to all v2.1 SDR L1 data, so there is also some loss of samples that were present in v2.1. Overall, there is a significant increase in sampling and improvement in spatial coverage with the CDR products.
Product Summary
Citation
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USER'S GUIDE
ALGORITHM THEORETICAL BASIS DOCUMENT (ATBD)
DATA CITATION GUIDELINES
PRODUCT HISTORY
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Dataset Resources
Variables
Variables are a set of physical properties whose values determine the characteristics or behavior of something. For example, temperature and pressure are variables of the atmosphere. Parameters and variables can be used interchangeably. Variable level attributes provide individual information for each variable.
The Name in this table is the variable name. Fill value indicates missing or undefined data points in a variable. Valid range is the range of values the variable can store. Scale factor is used to increase or decrease the size of an object and can be used to correct for distortion. For questions on a specific variable, please use the Earthdata Forum.
| Name Sort descending | Description | Units | Data Type | Fill Value | Valid Range | Scale Factor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| add_range_to_sp | For diagnostic use only. See UM document 148-0372 CYGNSS L1 netCDF Diagnostic Variables for more information. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| add_range_to_sp_pvt | For diagnostic use only. See UM document 148-0372 CYGNSS L1 netCDF Diagnostic Variables for more information. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| att_timestamp_gps_sec | The GPS second of week of att_timestamp_utc, with nanosecond resolution | second | double | N/A | N/A | 1 |
| att_timestamp_gps_week | The GPS week number of att_timestamp_utc | week | int | N/A | N/A | 1 |
| att_timestamp_utc | The spacecraft attitude epoch. The number of seconds since time_coverage_start with nanosecond resolution. This is the timestamp of the spacecraft attitude reported by the spacecraft attitude determinination system. | seconds since 2017-03-18 00:00:00.999261282 | double | N/A | N/A | 1 |
| bb_nearest | The time between ddm_timestamp_utc and the ddm_timestamp_utc associated with the closest (in time) black body reading, in signed seconds. A positive value indicates that the black body reading occurred after ddm_timestamp_utc. A negative value indicates that the block body reading occurred before ddm_timestamp_utc. | second | int | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| bit_null_offset_port | For diagnostic use only. See UM document 148-0372 CYGNSS L1 netCDF Diagnostic Variables for more information. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| bit_null_offset_starboard | For diagnostic use only. See UM document 148-0372 CYGNSS L1 netCDF Diagnostic Variables for more information. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| bit_ratio_hi_lo_port | For diagnostic use only. See UM document 148-0372 CYGNSS L1 netCDF Diagnostic Variables for more information. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| bit_ratio_hi_lo_starboard | For diagnostic use only. See UM document 148-0372 CYGNSS L1 netCDF Diagnostic Variables for more information. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| brcs | 17 x 11 array of DDM bin bistatic radar cross section, m^2. The specular point is located in DDM bin round(brcs_ddm_sp_bin_delay_row), round(brcs_ddm_sp_bin_dopp_col). | meter2 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| brcs_ddm_peak_bin_delay_row | The zero-based delay row of the peak value in the bistatic radar cross section DDM (brcs). Ranges from 0 to 16. | 1 | byte | -99 | N/A | 1 |
| brcs_ddm_peak_bin_dopp_col | The zero-based Doppler column of the peak value in the bistatic radar cross section DDM (brcs). Ranges from 0 to 10. | 1 | byte | -99 | N/A | 1 |
| brcs_ddm_sp_bin_delay_row | The zero-based delay row of the specular point delay in the bistatic radar cross section DDM (brcs). Note that this is a floating point value. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| brcs_ddm_sp_bin_dopp_col | The zero-based Doppler column of the specular point Doppler in the bistatic radar cross section DDM (brcs). Note that this is a floating point value. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| ddm | The netCDF coordinate variable associated with variables that are dimensioned by the 4 DDMI reflectometry channels. It enumerates the zero-justified index range of DDM reflectometry channels. Ranges from 0 to 3. | 1 | byte | N/A | N/A | 1 |
| ddm_ant | The antenna that received the reflected GPS signal associated with the DDM. 0 = none 1 = zenith (never used) 2 = nadir_starboard 3 = nadir_port | N/A | byte | -99 | N/A | 1 |
| ddm_brcs_uncert | Uncertainty of the BRCS | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| ddm_end_time_offset | For diagnostic use only. See UM document 148-0372 CYGNSS L1 netCDF Diagnostic Variables for more information. | 1e-9 s | int | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| ddm_les | Leading edge slope (w/track-wise correction) of a 3 delay x 5 Doppler bin box that include the specular point bin. The specular point bin is in the top (least delay) row and the center Doppler column of the 3 x 5 box. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| ddm_les_orig | See ddm_les and ddm_nbrcs comments. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| ddm_nbrcs | Normalized BRCS (w/track-wise correction) of a 3 delay x 5 Doppler bin box that includes the specular point bin. The specular point bin is in the top (least delay) row and the center Doppler column of the 3 x 5 box. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| ddm_nbrcs_orig | See ddm_les and ddm_nbrcs comments. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| ddm_noise_floor | For non-black-body DDMs: Is equal to the average bin raw counts in the first 45 delay rows of the uncompressed 20 x 128 DDM, in counts, at ddm_timestamp_utc. For black body DDMs: Is equal to the average bin raw counts in all 128 delay rows of the uncompressed 20 x 128 DDM, in counts, at ddm_timestamp_utc. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| ddm_snr | 10log(Smax/Navg), where Smax is the maximum value (in raw counts) in a single DDM bin and Navg is the the average per-bin raw noise counts. ddm_snr is in dB, at ddm_timestamp_utc. | dB | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| ddm_source | The source of the Level 0 DDM raw counts and metadata. 0 = End-End Simulator (E2ES) 1 = GPS signal simulator 2 = CYGNSS spacecraft 3 = Source unknown | N/A | byte | N/A | N/A | 1 |
| ddm_timestamp_gps_sec | The GPS second of week of ddm_timestamp_utc, with nanosecond resolution | second | double | N/A | N/A | 1 |
| ddm_timestamp_gps_week | The GPS week number of ddm_timestamp_utc | week | int | N/A | N/A | 1 |
| ddm_timestamp_utc | DDM sample time. The number of seconds since time_coverage_start with nanosecond resolution. Its position relative to the DDM sampling period is determined by ddm_time_type_selector. Some metadata required for DDM calibration are generated relative to pvt_timestamp_utc or att_timestamp_utc. These metadata are interpolated to ddm_timestamp_utc before being used for DDM calibration. Note that the DDM sampling period is not synchronized with the UTC change of second and can occur at any time relative to the UTC change of second. | seconds since 2017-03-18 00:00:00.999261282 | double | N/A | N/A | 1 |
| ddm_time_type_selector | Determines the position of ddm_timestamp_utc relative to the DDM sampling period. Set to <Middle of DDM sampling period> for nominal science operations. Other settings are used for pre-launch testing only. 0 = Start of DDM sampling period (used for pre-launch testing only) 1 = Middle of DDM sampling period 2 = End of DDM sampling period (used for testing pre-launch only) 3 = pvt_timestamp_utc (used for testing pre-launch only) | N/A | byte | N/A | N/A | 1 |
| delay_resolution | DDM delay bin resolution in chips. One chip is equal to 1/1,023,000 seconds. | 1 | float | N/A | N/A | 1 |
| direct_signal_snr | 10log(zenith signal power/zenith signal noise) in dB, at ddm_timestamp_utc. | dB | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| dopp_resolution | DDM Doppler bin resolution in Hz | s-1 | float | N/A | N/A | 1 |
| eff_scatter | 17 x 11 array of DDM bin effective scattering area, m^2. This is an estimate of the true surface scattering area that contributes power to each DDM bin, after accounting for the GPS signal spreading function. It is calculated by convolving the GPS ambiguity function with the surface area that contributes power to a given DDM bin as determined by its delay and Doppler values and the measurement geometry. The specular point bin location matches the specular point bin location in brcs. | meter2 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| fresnel_coeff | The SQUARE of the left hand circularly polarized Fresnel electromagnetic voltage reflection coefficient at 1575 MHz for a smooth ocean surface at the specular point location and incidence angle. See UM document 148-0361 Fresnel Coefficient Calculation for more information. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| fsw_comp_delay_shift | For diagnostic use only. See UM document 148-0372 CYGNSS L1 netCDF Diagnostic Variables for more information. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| fsw_comp_dopp_shift | For diagnostic use only. See UM document 148-0372 CYGNSS L1 netCDF Diagnostic Variables for more information. | s-1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| gps_ant_gain_db_i | SV antenna gain in the direction of the specular point | dBi | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| gps_eirp | The estimated effective isotropic RF power (EIRP) of the L1 C/A code signal within ± 1 MHz of the L1 carrier radiated by space vehicle, sv_num, in the direction of the CYGNSS spacecraft, in Watts, at ddm_timestamp_utc. | watt | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| gps_off_boresight_angle_deg | SV antenna off boresight angle in the direction of the specular point | degree | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| gps_tx_power_db_w | GPS Tx power in dBW | dBW | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| inst_gain | The black body noise counts divided by the sum of the black body power and the instrument noise power, in count/W, at ddm_timestamp_utc. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| les_mod | Derived by passing each MERRA-2 matchup wind speed backwards through the GMF that is consistent with the version of the original observables, accounting for incidence angle of the observation. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| les_scatter_area | The scattering area of the 3 x 5 region of the ddm used to calculate ddm_les. | meter2 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| les_tw_outlier | Outliers defined as |Obs_corrected – Mod| > threshold, where threshold = 16 + Mod/2 (nbrcs) or 8 + Mod/2 (les). 0 = False, 1=True, FillValue or NAN = no track-wise correction possible. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| les_tw_r2 | Fractional variance of the trackwise corrected observable that is explained by the modeled observable. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| les_tw_slope | The slope of the linear regression between original and modeled observable. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| les_tw_yint | The y-intercept of the linear regression between original and modeled observable. | 1 | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| lna_noise_figure | The low noise amplifier (LNA) noise figure, in dB, at ddm_timestamp_utc. Estimated from pre-launch characterization of LNA performance as a function of LNA temperature. | dB | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |
| lna_temp_nadir_port | The temperature of the port antenna low noise amplifier at ddm_timestamp_utc, in degrees C. | degree_Celsius | float | -9999 | N/A | 1 |