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Description

This data set provides standardized output variables for gross primary productivity (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), leaf area index (LAI), ecosystem respiration (Re), latent heat flux (LE), and sensible heat flux (H) from 24 terrestrial biosphere models for 47 eddy covariance flux tower sites in North America. Each model used standardized input data for each flux tower site (i.e., gap-filled, locally observed weather; land use history; and other site specific data) and followed standard model setup and spinup procedures. The files also contain gap-filled observations and total uncertainty estimates. The data set was compiled for the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Site-Level Synthesis for use in model inter-comparison and assessment of how well the models simulate carbon processes across vegetation types and environmental conditions in North America.

There is one compressed (.zip) file with this data set. When expanded, the .zip file contains model output data for one variable at one site. The model output and observations are available at the native half-hourly time step, or in daily, monthly, and annual aggregations, in comma-separated text (.csv) format.

Product Summary

Platforms
NOT APPLICABLE
Instruments
NOT APPLICABLE
Spatial Extent

N: 84 S: 10 E: -50 W: -170

Coordinate System
CARTESIAN
Granule Spatial Representation
CARTESIAN
Temporal Extent
1998-01-01 to 2007-12-31
Data Partner
THE OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY (ORNL) DISTRIBUTED ACTIVE ARCHIVE CENTER (DAAC) (ORNL_DAAC)
Concept ID
C2539942233-ORNL_CLOUD
Data State
COMPLETE
Number of Files/Granules
1
Processing Level
4
Published
Updated
Science Keywords
Shrubland/Scrub ,
Wetlands ,
Ecosystem Functions ,
Agricultural Lands ,
Alpine/Tundra ,
Forests ,
Grasslands ,
Savannas ,
Carbon ,
Leaf Characteristics

Citation

Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.

Copy Citation

Ricciuto, D. M., Schaefer, K., Thornton, P. E., Davis, K. J., Cook, R. B., Liu, S., Anderson, R., Arain, M. A., Baker, I. T., Chen, J. M., Dietze, M., Grant, R., Izaurralde, C., Jain, A. K., King, A. W., Kucharik, C. J., Liu, S., Lokupitiya, E., Luo, Y., … Verbeeck, H. (2013). NACP Site: Terrestrial Biosphere Model and Aggregated Flux Data in Standard Format (Version 1). ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1183 Date Accessed: 2026-05-02

Documents

Publications Citing This Dataset

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Title Year Author Topic
Environmental controls on the light use efficiency of terrestrial gross Bloomfield, Keith J., Stocker, Benjamin D., Keenan, Trevor F., Prentice, I. Colin Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics
Global evidence for the acclimation of ecosystem photosynthesis to light Luo, Xiangzhong, Keenan, Trevor F. Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics, Wetlands
Determinants of the ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration Peng, Liqing, Zeng, Zhenzhong, Wei, Zhongwang, Chen, Anping, Wood, Eric F., Sheffield, Justin Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction Of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fapar), Evapotranspiration, Latent Heat Flux, Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics
Reviews and syntheses: Turning the challenges of partitioning ecosystem evaporation and transpiration into opportunities Stoy, Paul C., El-Madany, Tarek S., Fisher, Joshua B., Gentine, Pierre, Gerken, Tobias, Good, Stephen P., Klosterhalfen, Anne, Liu, Shuguang, Miralles, Diego G., Perez-Priego, Oscar, Rigden, Angela J., Skaggs, Todd H., Wohlfahrt, Georg, Anderson, Ray G., Coenders-Gerrits, A. Miriam J., Jung, Martin, Maes, Wouter H., Mammarella, Ivan, Mauder, Matthias, Migliavacca, Mirco, Nelson, Jacob A., Poyatos, Rafael, Reichstein, Markus, Scott, Russell L., Wolf, Sebastian Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics
Preserve: protecting data for long-term use Cook, Robert B., Wei, Yaxing, Hook, Leslie A., Vannan, Suresh K. S., McNelis, John J. Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics, Forest Composition/Vegetation Structure, Canopy Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Biomass, Vegetation Cover, Vegetation Species
What Limits Predictive Certainty of Long-Term Carbon Uptake? Raczka, Brett, Dietze, Michael C., Serbin, Shawn P., Davis, Kenneth J. Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics
Bayesian calibration of terrestrial ecosystem models: a study of advanced Markov chain Monte Carlo methods Lu, Dan, Ricciuto, Daniel, Walker, Anthony, Safta, Cosmin, Munger, William Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics, Surface Pressure, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Humidity, Air Temperature, Surface Winds, Precipitation Amount
Carbon and energy fluxes in cropland ecosystems: a model-data comparison Lokupitiya, E., Denning, A. S., Schaefer, K., Ricciuto, D., Anderson, R., Arain, M. A., Baker, I., Barr, A. G., Chen, G., Chen, J. M., Ciais, P., Cook, D. R., Dietze, M., El Maayar, M., Fischer, M., Grant, R., Hollinger, D., Izaurralde, C., Jain, A., Kucharik, C., Li, Z., Liu, S., Li, L., Matamala, R., Peylin, P., Price, D., Running, S. W., Sahoo, A., Sprintsin, M., Suyker, A. E., Tian, H., Tonitto, C., Torn, M., Verbeeck, Hans, Verma, S. B., Xue, Y. Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics, Surface Pressure, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Humidity, Air Temperature, Surface Winds, Precipitation Amount
Disentangling climatic and anthropogenic controls on global terrestrial evapotranspiration trends Mao, Jiafu, Fu, Wenting, Shi, Xiaoying, Ricciuto, Daniel M, Fisher, Joshua B, Dickinson, Robert E, Wei, Yaxing, Shem, Willis, Piao, Shilong, Wang, Kaicun, Schwalm, Christopher R, Tian, Hanqin, Mu, Mingquan, Arain, Altaf, Ciais, Philippe, Cook, Robert, Dai, Yongjiu, Hayes, Daniel, Hoffman, Forrest M, Huang, Maoyi, Huang, Suo, Huntzinger, Deborah N, Ito, Akihiko, Jain, Atul, King, Anthony W, Lei, Huimin, Lu, Chaoqun, Michalak, Anna M, Parazoo, Nicholas, Peng, Changhui, Peng, Shushi, Poulter, Benjamin, Schaefer, Kevin, Jafarov, Elchin, Thornton, Peter E, Wang, Weile, Zeng, Ning, Zeng, Zhenzhong, Zhao, Fang, Zhu, Qiuan, Zhu, Zaichun Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon
Statistical uncertainty of eddy covariance CO2 fluxes inferred using a residual bootstrap approach Wang, Huei-Jin, Riley, William J., Collins, William D. Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics, Surface Pressure, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Humidity, Air Temperature, Surface Winds, Precipitation Amount
Net carbon uptake has increased through warming-induced changes in temperate forest phenology Keenan, Trevor F., Gray, Josh, Friedl, Mark A., Toomey, Michael, Bohrer, Gil, Hollinger, David Y., Munger, J. William, OKeefe, John, Schmid, Hans Peter, Wing, Ian Sue, Yang, Bai, Richardson, Andrew D. Soil Moisture/Water Content, Biogeochemical Cycles, Carbon, Nitrogen, Soil Heat Budget, Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics
Ozone vegetation damage effects on gross primary productivity in the Yue, X., Unger, N. Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics
Increase in forest water-use efficiency as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations rise Keenan, Trevor F., Hollinger, David Y., Bohrer, Gil, Dragoni, Danilo, Munger, J. William, Schmid, Hans Peter, Richardson, Andrew D. Soil Moisture/Water Content, Biogeochemical Cycles, Carbon, Nitrogen, Soil Heat Budget, Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics
Evaluating the agreement between measurements and models of net ecosystem exchange at different times and timescales using wavelet coherence: an example ... Stoy, P. C., Dietze, M. C., Richardson, A. D., Vargas, R., Barr, A. G., Anderson, R. S., Arain, M. A., Baker, I. T., Black, T. A., Chen, J. M., Cook, R. B., Gough, C. M., Grant, R. F., Hollinger, D. Y., Izaurralde, R. C., Kucharik, C. J., Lafleur, P., Law, B. E., Liu, S., Lokupitiya, E., Luo, Y., Munger, J. W., Peng, C., Poulter, B., Price, D. T., Ricciuto, D. M., Riley, W. J., Sahoo, A. K., Schaefer, K., Schwalm, C. R., Tian, H., Verbeeck, H., Weng, E. Soil Moisture/Water Content, Biogeochemical Cycles, Carbon, Nitrogen, Soil Heat Budget, Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics, Surface Pressure, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Humidity, Air Temperature, Surface Winds, Precipitation Amount, Wetlands
Evaluation of continental carbon cycle simulations with North American flux tower observations Raczka, Brett M., Davis, Kenneth J., Huntzinger, Deborah, Neilson, Ronald P., Poulter, Benjamin, Richardson, Andrew D., Xiao, Jingfeng, Baker, Ian, Ciais, Philippe, Keenan, Trevor F., Law, Beverly, Post, Wilfred M., Ricciuto, Daniel, Schaefer, Kevin, Tian, Hanqin, Tomelleri, Enrico, Verbeeck, Hans, Viovy, Nicolas Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics, Surface Pressure, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Humidity, Air Temperature, Surface Winds, Precipitation Amount, Wetlands, Carbon, Evapotranspiration, Primary Production, Biomass, Litter Characteristics, Wildfires, Carbon
Use of change-point detection for friction-velocity threshold evaluation in eddy-covariance studies Barr, A.G., Richardson, A.D., Hollinger, D.Y., Papale, D., Arain, M.A., Black, T.A., Bohrer, G., Dragoni, D., Fischer, M.L., Gu, L., Law, B.E., Margolis, H.A., McCaughey, J.H., Munger, J.W., Oechel, W., Schaeffer, K. Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics, Surface Pressure, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Humidity, Air Temperature, Surface Winds, Precipitation Amount, Wetlands
A model-data comparison of gross primary productivity: Results from the Schaefer, Kevin, Schwalm, Christopher R., Williams, Chris, Arain, M. Altaf, Barr, Alan, Chen, Jing M., Davis, Kenneth J., Dimitrov, Dimitre, Hilton, Timothy W., Hollinger, David Y., Humphreys, Elyn, Poulter, Benjamin, Raczka, Brett M., Richardson, Andrew D., Sahoo, Alok, Thornton, Peter, Vargas, Rodrigo, Verbeeck, Hans, Anderson, Ryan, Baker, Ian, Black, T. Andrew, Bolstad, Paul, Chen, Jiquan, Curtis, Peter S., Desai, Ankur R., Dietze, Michael, Dragoni, Danilo, Gough, Christopher, Grant, Robert F., Gu, Lianhong, Jain, Atul, Kucharik, Chris, Law, Beverly, Liu, Shuguang, Lokipitiya, Erandathie, Margolis, Hank A., Matamala, Roser, McCaughey, J. Harry, Monson, Russ, Munger, J. William, Oechel, Walter, Peng, Changhui, Price, David T., Ricciuto, Dan, Riley, William J., Roulet, Nigel, Tian, Hanqin, Tonitto, Christina, Torn, Margaret, Weng, Ensheng, Zhou, Xiaolu Soil Moisture/Water Content, Biogeochemical Cycles, Carbon, Nitrogen, Soil Heat Budget, Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics, Surface Pressure, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Humidity, Air Temperature, Surface Winds, Precipitation Amount, Wetlands
Terrestrial biosphere model performance for inter-annual variability of Keenan, T.F., Baker, Ian, Barr, Alan, Ciais, Philippe, Davis, Ken, Dietze, Michael, Dragoni, Danillo, Gough, Christopher M, Grant, Robert, Hollinger, David, Hufkens, Koen, Poulter, Ben, McCaughey, Harry, Raczka, Brett, Ryu, Youngryel, Schaefer, Kevin, Tian, Hanqin, Verbeeck, Hans, Zhao, Maosheng, Richardson, Andrew D. Soil Moisture/Water Content, Biogeochemical Cycles, Carbon, Nitrogen, Soil Heat Budget, Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics
Terrestrial biosphere models need better representation of vegetation phenology: results from the North American Carbon Program Site Synthesis Richardson, Andrew D., Anderson, Ryan S., Arain, M. Altaf, Barr, Alan G., Bohrer, Gil, Chen, Guangsheng, Chen, Jing M., Ciais, Philippe, Davis, Kenneth J., Desai, Ankur R., Dietze, Michael C., Dragoni, Danilo, Garrity, Steven R., Gough, Christopher M., Grant, Robert, Hollinger, David Y., Margolis, Hank A., McCaughey, Harry, Migliavacca, Mirco, Monson, Russell K., Munger, J. William, Poulter, Benjamin, Raczka, Brett M., Ricciuto, Daniel M., Sahoo, Alok K., Schaefer, Kevin, Tian, Hanqin, Vargas, Rodrigo, Verbeeck, Hans, Xiao, Jingfeng, Xue, Yongkang Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics, Surface Pressure, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Humidity, Air Temperature, Surface Winds, Precipitation Amount, Wetlands
Characterizing the performance of ecosystem models across time scales: A spectral analysis of the North American Carbon Program site-level synthesis Dietze, Michael C., Vargas, Rodrigo, Richardson, Andrew D., Stoy, Paul C., Barr, Alan G., Anderson, Ryan S., Arain, M. Altaf, Baker, Ian T., Black, T. Andrew, Chen, Jing M., Ciais, Philippe, Flanagan, Lawrence B., Gough, Christopher M., Grant, Robert F., Hollinger, David, Izaurralde, R. Cesar, Kucharik, Christopher J., Lafleur, Peter, Liu, Shugang, Lokupitiya, Erandathie, Luo, Yiqi, Munger, J. William, Peng, Changhui, Poulter, Benjamin, Price, David T., Ricciuto, Daniel M., Riley, William J., Sahoo, Alok Kumar, Schaefer, Kevin, Suyker, Andrew E., Tian, Hanqin, Tonitto, Christina, Verbeeck, Hans, Verma, Shashi B., Wang, Weifeng, Weng, Ensheng Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics, Surface Pressure, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Humidity, Air Temperature, Surface Winds, Precipitation Amount, Wetlands
A model-data intercomparison of CO2 exchange across North America: Schwalm, Christopher R., Williams, Christopher A., Schaefer, Kevin, Anderson, Ryan, Arain, M. Altaf, Baker, Ian, Barr, Alan, Black, T. Andrew, Chen, Guangsheng, Chen, Jing Ming, Ciais, Philippe, Davis, Kenneth J., Desai, Ankur, Dietze, Michael, Dragoni, Danilo, Fischer, Marc L., Flanagan, Lawrence B., Grant, Robert, Gu, Lianhong, Hollinger, David, Izaurralde, R. Cesar, Kucharik, Chris, Lafleur, Peter, Law, Beverly E., Li, Longhui, Li, Zhengpeng, Liu, Shuguang, Lokupitiya, Erandathie, Luo, Yiqi, Ma, Siyan, Margolis, Hank, Matamala, Roser, McCaughey, Harry, Monson, Russell K., Oechel, Walter C., Peng, Changhui, Poulter, Benjamin, Price, David T., Riciutto, Dan M., Riley, William, Sahoo, Alok Kumar, Sprintsin, Michael, Sun, Jianfeng, Tian, Hanqin, Tonitto, Christina, Verbeeck, Hans, Verma, Shashi B. Soil Moisture/Water Content, Biogeochemical Cycles, Carbon, Nitrogen, Soil Heat Budget, Shrubland/Scrub, Wetlands, Ecosystem Functions, Agricultural Lands, Alpine/Tundra, Forests, Grasslands, Savannas, Carbon, Leaf Characteristics, Surface Pressure, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Humidity, Air Temperature, Surface Winds, Precipitation Amount, Wetlands
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